अरबी सीखें
क़ुरआन की अरबी
عربية القرآنछोटे लिखित सबक़, जो क़ुरआन के अल्फ़ाज़ उसी तरतीब में सिखाते हैं जिसमें क़ुरआन उन्हें सबसे ज़्यादा इस्तेमाल करता है, और साथ में वह व्याकरण जिसकी हर अगली आयत को ज़रूरत है।
एआई ने लिखा और जाँचा है
ये सबक़ एआई ने लिखे और एआई ने ही जाँचे हैं, और अभी तक अरबी के किसी उस्ताद ने इन्हें नहीं पढ़ा है। आयतें, उनके मतलब और हर लफ़्ज़ का विश्लेषण अपने-अपने स्रोतों से लिए गए हैं, जिनके नाम वहीं दिए गए हैं जहाँ वे दिखाए जाते हैं।
कोर्स कैसे चलता है
हर सबक़ पाँच से आठ अल्फ़ाज़ और व्याकरण का एक नुक्ता सिखाता है, उसी तरतीब में जिसमें क़ुरआन अपने अल्फ़ाज़ सबसे ज़्यादा इस्तेमाल करता है। हर मिसाल या तो एक आयत है, या किसी आयत का एक लफ़्ज़, या अभ्यास के लिए लिखा गया एक वाक्य, और हर आयत उस संस्करण के मतलब के साथ दिखाई जाती है जो आपकी भाषा सबसे पहले पढ़ती है। कोर्स भाषा सिखाता है: यह कोई फ़तवा नहीं देता, और यह नहीं बताता कि कोई आयत क्या सिखाती है।
अल्फ़ाज़ का विश्लेषण: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)
चरण 0
लिपि पढ़ना
हुरूफ़, हरकात और मुसहफ़ का अपना रस्म, ताकि कोई भी आयत हर्फ़-ब-हर्फ़ पढ़ी जा सके।
अगर आप क़ुरआन की लिपि अक्षर-अक्षर पहले से पढ़ लेते हैं, तो अगले चरण से शुरू कर सकते हैं।
तय किए गए सबक़: 20
सबक़ 1
How the script is written, and the first four letters
Arabic is written from right to left, its letters join, and dots tell many of them apart. The first four letters show all three.
सबक़ 2
Jīm, ḥā’ and khā’
Three letters with one body, told apart by a single dot: below, none, or above.
सबक़ 3
Dāl, dhāl, rā’, zāy and wāw
Five letters that join to the letter before them and never to the one after, so that one word can be written in more than one piece.
सबक़ 4
Sīn, shīn, ṣād and ḍād
Two letters with three small teeth and two with a long loop, each pair told apart by its dots.
सबक़ 5
Ṭā’, ẓā’, ʿayn and ghayn
Two letters with a loop and an upright stroke, and two whose shape changes most with their place in a word.
सबक़ 6
Fā’, qāf, kāf and lām
Two letters with a small loop, told apart by one dot or two, and two tall letters that join forward, which is how they differ from alif.
सबक़ 7
Mīm, nūn, hā’, yā’, and the hamzah standing alone
The last four letters of the alphabet, and the hamzah, which is written on its own and joins nothing.
सबक़ 8
Joining, lām-alif and the stretching line
How a letter's shape follows its place in the joined piece, the one pair of letters written as a single shape, and the line that lengthens a join.
सबक़ 9
Fatḥah, kasrah and ḍammah
The three short vowels are not letters but small marks above or below a letter, and a letter with one is read with that vowel after it.
सबक़ 10
Sukūn
A small circle above a letter marks that no vowel follows it, and al-Fātiḥah has one in every verse.
सबक़ 11
Shaddah
A small sign above a letter that stands for the letter twice over, and the vowel mark that is written with it.
सबक़ 12
Tanwīn: fatḥatān, kasratān and ḍammatān
The three short vowels written twice at the end of a word, marking an ending said with an n sound, and the alif that follows one of them.
सबक़ 13
Long vowels with alif, wāw and yā’, and the small alif
How a short vowel mark and the bare letter after it write a long vowel, and the small alif the muṣḥaf writes where a long ā is said and no alif is written.
सबक़ 14
Maddah
The wavy sign written over an alif, a wāw or a yā’ where a long vowel meets a hamzah or a doubled letter, marking a vowel held longer.
सबक़ 15
Hamzah and its seats
The hamzah written on an alif, a wāw or a yā’, the small hamzah carried by a stretching line, and alif with a maddah, a form other prints use.
सबक़ 16
Tā’ marbūṭah and alif maqṣūrah
Two letters that take a shape of their own at the end of a word: a tā’ written like hā’ with two dots, and a yā’ shape without dots that stands for a long ā.
सबक़ 17
The article, and the sun and moon letters
The alif and lām written at the front of a noun, and the two ways they are written, which depend on the letter that follows.
सबक़ 18
Alif waṣlah
The alif with a small sign on it that begins the article and some other words in this print, and what happens to it when a word comes before it.
सबक़ 19
The muṣḥaf’s small letters
The small wāw, yā’, nūn, mīm and sīn that the muṣḥaf writes above and below the line, and the round and the oblong circle written above an alif.
सबक़ 20
The pause marks, and al-Fātiḥah letter by letter
The six pause marks written between words, the sign of a prostration, three marks that stand once each, and then the first sūrah read one letter at a time.
चरण 1
आधा क़ुरआन
क़ुरआन के सबसे ज़्यादा आने वाले अल्फ़ाज़, और वह व्याकरण जो उन्हें जोड़ता है।
तय किए गए सबक़: 30
सबक़ 1
The small words that join the next word
Five words of a letter or two that the Qur’ān writes as part of the word after them, and the two words they meet first in al-Fātiḥah.
सबक़ 2
The pronouns that join the end of a word
The seven commonest pronouns the Qur’ān writes as part of a word, after a verb, a noun or a small word: they, you, he, we, I and she.
सबक़ 3
From, in, on, to and about
The five commonest prepositions that the Qur’ān writes as words of their own, what happens to the word after them, and how they take a pronoun.
सबक़ 4
No, not, indeed, except and that
The small words that deny, that give a sentence weight, and that join one sentence to another: eight of the commonest words of the Qur’ān.
सबक़ 5
Who, which, this, that, he and they
The words that point to a person or a thing, the pronouns that stand on their own, and the letter that asks a question.
सबक़ 6
The first verbs: said, was, made, came and knew
Five of the commonest verbs of the Qur’ān, and how a verb in its past form tells you who did the action.
सबक़ 7
The present form of the verb, and the future
How a verb in its present form begins with a letter that tells you who acts, and how one letter in front of it makes it future.
सबक़ 8
Every thing, between, before, then, or and when
Eight common words of the Qur’ān, and the construct: two nouns joined so that the first belongs to the second.
सबक़ 9
Earth, sky, day, a people, nafs and people
Six of the commonest nouns of the Qur’ān, nouns that are feminine with no sign of it, and the two ways Arabic makes a plural.
सबक़ 10
O, like, surely, and they (women)
How the Qur’ān calls someone, likens one thing to another, makes a verb certain, and speaks of women, with two nouns whose meaning is read in the verses.
सबक़ 11
The command, and seven common verbs
Seven common verbs of the Qur’ān, and the form of a verb that tells someone to do something.
सबक़ 12
Having: lahu, lakum and the pronouns after li and bi
How Arabic says "he has" and "for you" with li and a pronoun, and the pronouns the corpus counts apart after li and bi.
सबक़ 13
You, we and they, and the dual
The pronouns that stand on their own as the subject of a sentence, and how Arabic speaks of two.
सबक़ 14
Those, after, at, with, some, other than, until and below
Eight common words of the Qur’ān, most of them nouns that take the noun after them in the genitive.
सबक़ 15
If, when and will not
The words of the Qur’ān for "if" and "when", which tell apart what happened, what will happen and what never did, and lan, "will not".
सबक़ 16
Asking, rather, and the words that work like inna
How a question is asked, bal, "rather", the small words that, like inna, put the noun after them in the accusative, and laysa, "is not".
सबक़ 17
Eight common verbs, and roots with a weak letter or a hamzah
Eight common verbs of the Qur’ān, and what happens to a verb whose root has a weak middle letter or a hamzah.
सबक़ 18
The forms of a verb, the passive, and eight more verbs
Eight more common verbs, the passive, and the derived forms of a verb as the corpus marks them.
सबक़ 19
Matter, way, heart, family, hand, knowledge, saying and night
Eight common nouns of the Qur’ān, with the dual and the broken plural on them, and a noun made from a verb.
सबक़ 20
Words read in the verses: how they are built
Nine of the commonest words of the Qur’ān that carry the religion, given no meaning by the course, and the patterns they are built on.
सबक़ 21
Many, few, clear: the word that describes a noun
Eight words that describe, five of them given no meaning by the course, and how such a word follows its noun.
सबक़ 22
The one who does: the doer's noun and its plural
The noun Arabic makes for the one who does a thing, its masculine plural, and seven words built that way.
सबक़ 23
Brother, father, owner: a case shown with a long vowel
Family words, and three nouns that show their case with a long vowel before what follows them.
सबक़ 24
A house, the house, his house: making a noun definite
Eight nouns of the world around us, the ending that most often says a noun is not definite, and the three things that make it so.
सबक़ 25
Threw, spent, struck: verbs of form IV
Eight of the commonest verbs of form IV, five of them given no meaning by the course, and how the form looks in the past, the present and the command.
सबक़ 26
Verbs that end in a long vowel
Verbs whose root ends in a weak letter, how their last vowel changes, and five common ones, with three verbs that have no weak letter beside them.
सबक़ 27
Names: one ending for two cases
Eight of the commonest names of the Qur’ān, the ending that sets many of them apart from most other nouns, and which names show it.
सबक़ 28
She, I, which: the small words still to come
Eight small words the Qur’ān uses often, and how some of them work with a verb, a noun or what comes after them.
सबक़ 29
Better than: saying more, with min
How Arabic compares two things, and eight common nouns with it, two of them given no meaning by the course.
सबक़ 30
The order of a sentence, and eight words read in the verses
A verb that comes first stays singular, and eight more words that carry the religion, given no meaning by the course.
चरण 2
मूल और वज़्न
कोई लफ़्ज़ अपने मूल से कैसे बनता है, और क्रिया के रूप उसी तरतीब में जिसमें क़ुरआन उन्हें सबसे ज़्यादा इस्तेमाल करता है।
तय किए गए सबक़: 20
सबक़ 1
The root: three letters and what is built on them
What a root is, how a family of words is built on it, and eight words from five roots, one of them given no meaning by the course.
सबक़ 2
The first form: the vowels of the past and the present
Which vowels a verb of the first form takes in its past and its present, with seven common verbs.
सबक़ 3
Form IV again: its doer's noun and its verbal noun
Two of the nouns built on verbs of form IV, and eight words of the form, four of them given no meaning by the course.
सबक़ 4
Form II: the middle letter doubled
Form II of the verb, in its past, its present and its verbal noun, with eight common verbs, one of them given no meaning by the course.
सबक़ 5
Form VIII: a t after the first letter
Form VIII of the verb, its present and its command, with eight common verbs, three of them given no meaning by the course.
चरण 3
क़ुरआन पढ़ना
रहनुमाई के साथ पढ़ाई, छोटी सूरतों से लेकर सबसे ज़्यादा तिलावत किए जाने वाले हिस्सों तक।
तय किए गए सबक़: 40
लिखा जा रहा है
चरण 4
हदीस पढ़ना
सनद के अल्फ़ाज़, और हदीस के संग्रहों में कोई रिवायत पढ़ना।
तय किए गए सबक़: 15
लिखा जा रहा है
चरण 5
अरबी में इस्लाम पढ़ना
इबादत के अल्फ़ाज़, और अरबी में एक मुख़्तसर तफ़सीर और किसी हदीस की शरह पढ़ना।
तय किए गए सबक़: 15
लिखा जा रहा है
चरण 6
अरबी बोलना
फ़ुसहा में लिखी बातचीत: मस्जिद के लिए, सफ़र के लिए, और उमरा व हज के लिए।
तय किए गए सबक़: 25
लिखा जा रहा है