The present form of the verb, and the future
How a verb in its present form begins with a letter that tells you who acts, and how one letter in front of it makes it future.
एआई ने लिखा और जाँचा है
ये सबक़ एआई ने लिखे और एआई ने ही जाँचे हैं, और अभी तक अरबी के किसी उस्ताद ने इन्हें नहीं पढ़ा है। आयतें, उनके मतलब और हर लफ़्ज़ का विश्लेषण अपने-अपने स्रोतों से लिए गए हैं, जिनके नाम वहीं दिए गए हैं जहाँ वे दिखाए जाते हैं।
यह सबक़ सिर्फ़ अंग्रेज़ी और बांग्ला में लिखा गया है, इसलिए यहाँ अंग्रेज़ी में दिखाया गया है।
- क़ुरआन के वे अल्फ़ाज़ जो पूरे मालूम हैं
- 35.4%
- अब तक सिखाए गए क़ुरआन के अल्फ़ाज़ के हिस्से
- 60.1%
Quranic Arabic Corpus से गिना गया: कोई लफ़्ज़ तब पूरा मालूम माना जाता है जब उसका हर हिस्सा सिखाया जा चुका हो। ये गिनतियाँ बताती हैं कि आप किन अल्फ़ाज़ से मिल चुके हैं, यह नहीं कि आप कितना समझते हैं।
The past form of a verb tells you who acted by its ending. The present form tells you mostly by its beginning: a letter in front of the root. This lesson teaches that, four more common verbs, and the letter sa-, which turns the present into the future.
The new words
- عَمِلَजैसे क़ुरआन इसे लिखता है: تَعْمَلُ · عَمِلُ · يَعْمَلُ
do, work (ʿamila: he did)
मूल: ع م لक़ुरआन में कितनी बार: 276
- رَءَاजैसे क़ुरआन इसे लिखता है: يَرَ · تَرَ · رَءَيْ
see (raʾā: he saw)
मूल: ر ا يक़ुरआन में कितनी बार: 271
- أَتَىजैसे क़ुरआन इसे लिखता है: يَأْتِي · يَأْتِ · أَتَىٰ
come, come to, bring (atā: he came)
मूल: ا ت يक़ुरआन में कितनी बार: 264
- آتَىजैसे क़ुरआन इसे लिखता है: ءَاتَيْ · أُوتُ · ءَاتَىٰ
give (ātā: he gave)
मूल: ا ت يक़ुरआन में कितनी बार: 271
- سَ
will (before a present verb, it speaks of what is to come)
क़ुरआन में कितनी बार: 119
The letter in front
In the present form, the first letter says who does the action:
- ya- is "he", and with -ūna at the end, "they";
- ta- is "you", and also "she";
- a- is "I";
- na- is "we".
- يَرَىٰsee (raʾā: he saw)
Yarā is "he sees": ya- in front of the verb raʾā, "saw", whose hamzah (the middle letter of the root r-ʾ-y) drops out in this form. The corpus marks the verb as imperfect, its name for the present form, and third person, masculine, singular.
- فَso, then, and so
- تَأْتُcome, come to, bring (atā: he came)
- ونَyou, your (more than two)
Fa-taʾtūna is fa, "so", then taʾtu, "come", with ta- in front for "you", then ūna, the plural "you" of the second lesson. The corpus marks the verb second person, masculine, plural, and divides ūna off as the doer.
The future
Sa-, joined to the front of a present verb, says the action is still to come.
- سَwill (before a present verb, it speaks of what is to come)
- يَعْلَمُknow (ʿalima: he knew)
- ونَthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Sa-yaʿlamūna is sa, "will", then yaʿlamu, "know", the present of ʿalima from the last lesson, then ūna, "they": "they will know". You know every part of this word.
Giving
- يُؤْتِىgive (ātā: he gave)
Yuʾtī is the present of ātā, "gave". Its first vowel is u, not a: the corpus marks ātā as form IV, a pattern of the verb that the next stage of the course teaches.
In a sentence
I see the sky.
This sentence was written for practice. Arā, "I see": a-, "I", in front of the verb.
Reading
इस सबक़ के बाद जो अल्फ़ाज़ आप पूरे जानते हैं, उन पर निशान लगा है।
उसके बारे में जो वे किया करते थे।
Hindi Translation - Azizul Haq Al-Omari · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.5(नूह़ ने) कहा : मूझे क्या मालूम कि वे क्या कर्म करते रहे हैं?
Hindi Translation - Azizul Haq Al-Omari · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.5वे कहेंगे : निःसंदेह तुम हमारे पास दाहिने[7] से आया करते थे।
Hindi Translation - Azizul Haq Al-Omari · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.5Recall
- Which letter in front of a present verb means "we"?
- What does sa- do?
- In yarā, who sees?
Answers: na-; it makes the verb future; "he".
Next
The next lesson teaches "every", "thing", "between", "before", "then", "or", "when" and "that", and how two nouns are joined so that one belongs to the other.
अल्फ़ाज़ का विश्लेषण: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)