The command, and seven common verbs
Seven common verbs of the Qur’ān, and the form of a verb that tells someone to do something.
Imeandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI
Masomo haya yameandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI, na bado hakuna mwalimu wa Kiarabu aliyeyasoma. Aya, maana zake na uchambuzi wa kila neno vimechukuliwa kutoka vyanzo vyake, ambavyo vinatajwa pale vinapoonyeshwa.
Somo hili limeandikwa kwa Kiingereza na Kibengali tu, kwa hiyo linaonyeshwa hapa kwa Kiingereza.
- Maneno ya Qur’ani yanayojulikana kikamilifu
- 43.2%
- Sehemu za maneno ya Qur’ani zilizofundishwa hadi sasa
- 65.5%
Yamehesabiwa kutoka Quranic Arabic Corpus: neno linajulikana kikamilifu kila sehemu yake ikishafundishwa. Hesabu hizi zinaonyesha maneno uliyokutana nayo, si kiasi unachoelewa.
You have met the past form of a verb and its present form. This lesson teaches the third: the command, the form that tells someone to do something. With it come seven common verbs.
The new words
- فَعَلَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: يَفْعَلُ · تَفْعَلُ · فَعَلْ
do (faʿala: he did)
Mzizi: ف ع لMara katika Qur’ani: 88
- ذَكَرَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: ٱذْكُرُ · ٱذْكُرْ · يَذْكُرُ
Hakuna maana inayotolewa hapa: neno hili linabeba dini, na maana yake husomwa katika aya, pamoja na maana iliyo kando yake.
Mzizi: ذ ك رMara katika Qur’ani: 84
- ٱتَّبَعَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: ٱتَّبَعُ · ٱتَّبَعَ · يَتَّبِعُ
follow (ittabaʿa: he followed)
Mzizi: ت ب عMara katika Qur’ani: 136
- أَطَاعَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: أَطِيعُ · أَطَعْ · تُطِعْ
Hakuna maana inayotolewa hapa: neno hili linabeba dini, na maana yake husomwa katika aya, pamoja na maana iliyo kando yake.
Mzizi: ط و عMara katika Qur’ani: 72
- دَخَلَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: ٱدْخُلُ · يَدْخُلُ · دَخَلُ
enter (dakhala: he entered)
Mzizi: د خ لMara katika Qur’ani: 76
- سَمِعَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: يَسْمَعُ · سَمِعْ · تَسْمَعُ
hear (samiʿa: he heard)
Mzizi: س م عMara katika Qur’ani: 78
- نَّظَرَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: يَنظُرُ · ٱنظُرْ · ٱنظُرُ
look; wait (naẓara: he looked)
Mzizi: ن ظ رMara katika Qur’ani: 87
Two of them, dhakara and aṭāʿa, carry the religion in the Qur’ān's use of them: the course gives no meaning of its own for either, and you read them in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
The command
The command is made from the present form. Take away the letter in front that says who acts, and drop its last vowel. Where what is left would begin with two consonants, an alif is put in front. The corpus marks it as imperative.
- قُلْsay (qāla: he said)
Qul, "say!", is the command of qāla, from lesson 6. The present is yaqūlu; without its ya- and its last vowel it is qūl, and the long vowel is then made short: qul.
A command to a woman
The command also changes for who is told. Said to a woman, it ends in ī, which the corpus divides off as the pronoun "you", feminine.
- فَso, then, and so
- ٱدْخُلِenter (dakhala: he entered)
- ى
Fa-dkhulī is fa, "so", then udkhul, the command of dakhala, "enter", then ī, "you" said to a woman. The present is yadkhulu: without ya-, dkhul would begin with two consonants, so the command is udkhul. After fa that alif is not sounded: fa-dkhulī.
Let him
A command to someone not spoken to is made with li- before the present form, and the verb loses its last vowel. The corpus marks this li- as the lām of command. After fa or wa it loses its vowel and is said l-.
- فَso, then, and so
- لْfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- يَنظُرِlook; wait (naẓara: he looked)
Fa-l-yanẓur is fa, then l-, then yanẓur, "he looks", the present of naẓara, with its last vowel dropped: "so let him look". In the verse it ends in a short i only because al- follows, as in the sentence below.
In a sentence
Enter the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Udkhuli l-bayta, "enter the house": the command, then al-bayt in the accusative. The command's last letter takes a short i before al-.
Reading
Maneno unayoyajua kikamilifu baada ya somo hili yamewekewa alama.
Wanayajua mnayoyatenda.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Na kwamba wao husema wasiyoyatenda?
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Wala msiwe kama wale wanaosema, "Tumesikia" na hali hawasikii.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Recall
- How is the command made from the present form?
- What does ī at the end of a command say?
- How does Arabic say "let him look"?
Answers: the letter in front is taken away and the last vowel dropped, with an alif added where the word would otherwise begin with two consonants; that a woman is told; with li- before the present form, fa-l-yanẓur.
Next
The next lesson teaches how Arabic says "he has" and "for you", with the pronouns written after li and bi.
Uchambuzi wa maneno: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)