Having: lahu, lakum and the pronouns after li and bi
How Arabic says "he has" and "for you" with li and a pronoun, and the pronouns the corpus counts apart after li and bi.
Imeandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI
Masomo haya yameandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI, na bado hakuna mwalimu wa Kiarabu aliyeyasoma. Aya, maana zake na uchambuzi wa kila neno vimechukuliwa kutoka vyanzo vyake, ambavyo vinatajwa pale vinapoonyeshwa.
Somo hili limeandikwa kwa Kiingereza na Kibengali tu, kwa hiyo linaonyeshwa hapa kwa Kiingereza.
- Maneno ya Qur’ani yanayojulikana kikamilifu
- 44.8%
- Sehemu za maneno ya Qur’ani zilizofundishwa hadi sasa
- 66.4%
Yamehesabiwa kutoka Quranic Arabic Corpus: neno linajulikana kikamilifu kila sehemu yake ikishafundishwa. Hesabu hizi zinaonyesha maneno uliyokutana nayo, si kiasi unachoelewa.
Arabic most often says "have" with no verb. It says that a thing is "for" someone, with li and a pronoun: lahu is "for him", and so "he has". This lesson teaches that, and the pronouns as the corpus writes them after li and bi.
The new words
- كُمْKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: كُمْ
you, your (more than two)
Mara katika Qur’ani: 262
- هُۥKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: هُۥ
him, it (lahu: to him, he has)
Mara katika Qur’ani: 232
- هِۦKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: هِۦ
him, it (bihi: with it, in it)
Mara katika Qur’ani: 261
- هُمُKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: هُمُ
they, them
Mara katika Qur’ani: 132
- هَاKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: هَا
her, it (a thing called feminine)
Mara katika Qur’ani: 110
- نَاKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: نَا
us
Mara katika Qur’ani: 70
- كُمKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: كُم
you, your (more than two)
Mara katika Qur’ani: 80
- كَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: كَ
you (one man)
Mara katika Qur’ani: 80
These are the pronouns of the second lesson. After li and bi, and in a few other places, the corpus writes the pronoun as a word of its own rather than as a part joined to the end, and names it by its spelling. So the table counts them apart: -kum after la- is here, and -kum after a noun was in lesson 2. Humu is the one that is more than that: it is "they" or "them" with u on its m, most often before al-, and it stands after li less often than it stands on its own, as hum, "they", of lesson 5 does.
Li with a pronoun
Before a pronoun, li is said la, except before -ī, "me", where it stays lī.
- لَfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- هُۥhim, it (lahu: to him, he has)
Lahu is la and hu, "him". In the corpus's spelling hu is written with a small wāw that lengthens its vowel.
- لَّfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- كُمْyou, your (more than two)
Lakum is la and kum, "you", more than two: "for you".
- لَfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- هَاher, it (a thing called feminine)
Lahā is la and hā, "her" or "it", for a thing called feminine.
Bi with a pronoun
- بِwith, by, in
- هِۦhim, it (bihi: with it, in it)
Bihi is bi and hi, "him" or "it": "with it" or "by it". After i, the pronoun hu is said hi, as hum is said him.
In a sentence
You have a book.
This sentence was written for practice. Laka kitābun: "for you", laka, then "a book", with -un because it is not definite: "you have a book".
Reading
Maneno unayoyajua kikamilifu baada ya somo hili yamewekewa alama.
Na ni vyake Yeye vilivyo mbinguni na katika ardhi. Vyote vinamtii Yeye.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Lao wao humo ni kupiga mayowe, na wala hawatasikia (jinginelo).
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Na ikiwa haki ni yao, wanamjia kwa kutii.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Recall
- How does Arabic say "he has"?
- How is li said before a pronoun?
- Why is it bihi and not bihu?
Answers: lahu, "for him"; la, but lī before -ī; after i, hu is said hi.
Next
The next lesson teaches the pronouns that stand on their own, "you", "we" and "they", and the dual: two people or things.
Uchambuzi wa maneno: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)