The forms of a verb, the passive, and eight more verbs
Eight more common verbs, the passive, and the derived forms of a verb as the corpus marks them.
Imeandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI
Masomo haya yameandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI, na bado hakuna mwalimu wa Kiarabu aliyeyasoma. Aya, maana zake na uchambuzi wa kila neno vimechukuliwa kutoka vyanzo vyake, ambavyo vinatajwa pale vinapoonyeshwa.
Somo hili limeandikwa kwa Kiingereza na Kibengali tu, kwa hiyo linaonyeshwa hapa kwa Kiingereza.
- Maneno ya Qur’ani yanayojulikana kikamilifu
- 51.7%
- Sehemu za maneno ya Qur’ani zilizofundishwa hadi sasa
- 70.7%
Yamehesabiwa kutoka Quranic Arabic Corpus: neno linajulikana kikamilifu kila sehemu yake ikishafundishwa. Hesabu hizi zinaonyesha maneno uliyokutana nayo, si kiasi unachoelewa.
A root can make more than one verb. Arabic builds them on a few patterns, which grammars written in English call forms and number I to X. The corpus marks each verb's form. This lesson teaches eight verbs, several of them in forms other than the first, and the passive.
The new words
- ٱتَّخَذَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: ٱتَّخَذُ · ٱتَّخَذَ · تَتَّخِذُ
take for oneself, adopt (ittakhadha: he took)
Mzizi: ا خ ذMara katika Qur’ani: 124
- ظَلَمَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: ظَلَمُ · يَظْلِمُ · يُظْلَمُ
wrong, do wrong (ẓalama: he wronged)
Mzizi: ظ ل مMara katika Qur’ani: 110
- كَذَّبَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: كَذَّبُ · تُكَذِّبَ · كَذَّبَ
Hakuna maana inayotolewa hapa: neno hili linabeba dini, na maana yake husomwa katika aya, pamoja na maana iliyo kando yake.
Mzizi: ك ذ بMara katika Qur’ani: 176
- أَخْرَجَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: أَخْرَجَ · يُخْرِجُ · أَخْرَجْ
bring out (akhraja: he brought out)
Mzizi: خ ر جMara katika Qur’ani: 99
- قَتَلَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: تَقْتُلُ · يَقْتُلُ · ٱقْتُلُ
kill (qatala: he killed)
Mzizi: ق ت لMara katika Qur’ani: 83
- رَجَعَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: تُرْجَعُ · يَرْجِعُ · يُرْجَعُ
return, go back (rajaʿa: he returned)
Mzizi: ر ج عMara katika Qur’ani: 79
- وَعَدَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: وَعَدَ · تُوعَدُ · يُوعَدُ
promise (waʿada: he promised)
Mzizi: و ع دMara katika Qur’ani: 70
- تَوَلَّىٰKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: تَوَلَّ · تَوَلَّىٰ · يَتَوَلَّ
turn away (tawallā: he turned away)
Mzizi: و ل يMara katika Qur’ani: 78
One of them, kadhdhaba, carries the religion in the Qur’ān's use of it: the course gives no meaning of its own for it, and you read it in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
Forms of a verb
- فَso, then, and so
- كَذَّبَ
Kadhdhaba doubles the middle letter of its root, k-dh-b. The corpus marks it as form II.
- وَand
- أَخْرَجَbring out (akhraja: he brought out)
Akhraja, "brought out", puts a- in front of the root kh-r-j. The corpus marks it as form IV, the form of arāda from the last lesson.
- وَand
- تَوَلَّىٰٓturn away (tawallā: he turned away)
Tawallā, "turned away", has ta- in front and a doubled middle letter. The corpus marks it as form V.
- ٱتَّخَذَtake for oneself, adopt (ittakhadha: he took)
Ittakhadha, "took for himself", has i- in front and a t after the first letter of the root. Its root is ʾ-kh-dh, and here the first letter, the hamzah, has itself become t, so the t is doubled: it-takhadha. The corpus marks it as form VIII, the form of ittabaʿa, "followed", from lesson 11.
The next stage of the course is about these forms. For now, it is enough to see that the corpus names them, and that the root stays the same.
The passive
A verb in the passive says what was done, and not who did it. In the past form it has u and then i: qatala, "killed", becomes qutila, "was killed".
- قُتِلَkill (qatala: he killed)
The corpus marks qutila passive. "Was killed" is what the form says, word for word; what the verse says is read in the edition's meaning, not from these words.
A command
- ٱرْجِعِreturn, go back (rajaʿa: he returned)
- ىٓ
Irjiʿī is the command of rajaʿa, "return", said to a woman: ī at the end, as in lesson 11.
In a sentence
The boy went back to the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Rajaʿa l-waladu ilā l-bayti: "the boy went back to the house", with ilā from lesson 3.
Reading
Maneno unayoyajua kikamilifu baada ya somo hili yamewekewa alama.
Je, umemwona yule aliyegeuka akaenda zake?
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Bali alikanusha, na akageuka.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Anayekadhibisha na akageuka na kwenda zake.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Recall
- Which form doubles the middle letter of the root?
- How does the passive past differ from the active?
- Which form is ittakhadha?
Answers: form II, and form V with ta- in front; it has u and then i, as qutila; form VIII.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight common nouns, and the dual and broken plural on them.
Uchambuzi wa maneno: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)