If, when and will not
The words of the Qur’ān for "if" and "when", which tell apart what happened, what will happen and what never did, and lan, "will not".
Imeandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI
Masomo haya yameandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI, na bado hakuna mwalimu wa Kiarabu aliyeyasoma. Aya, maana zake na uchambuzi wa kila neno vimechukuliwa kutoka vyanzo vyake, ambavyo vinatajwa pale vinapoonyeshwa.
Somo hili limeandikwa kwa Kiingereza na Kibengali tu, kwa hiyo linaonyeshwa hapa kwa Kiingereza.
- Maneno ya Qur’ani yanayojulikana kikamilifu
- 48.3%
- Sehemu za maneno ya Qur’ani zilizofundishwa hadi sasa
- 68.7%
Yamehesabiwa kutoka Quranic Arabic Corpus: neno linajulikana kikamilifu kila sehemu yake ikishafundishwa. Hesabu hizi zinaonyesha maneno uliyokutana nayo, si kiasi unachoelewa.
English has one "if" and one "when". Arabic has several, and each says something about time: whether a thing has happened, will happen, or did not happen at all. Lesson 4 taught in, "if", and lesson 8 idhā, "when", most often of what is to come. This lesson teaches the others.
The new words
- لَوKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: لَوْ · لَّوْ · لَوِ
if (of what did not or will not happen)
Mara katika Qur’ani: 201
- لَوْلَآKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: لَوْلَا · لَوْلَآ · لَّوْلَا
if it were not for; why not
Mara katika Qur’ani: 75
- إِذKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: إِذْ · إِذِ · إِذ
when (of what has happened)
Mara katika Qur’ani: 239
- لَمَّاKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: لَمَّا · لَمَّآ · لَّمَّا
when (once it had happened)
Mara katika Qur’ani: 156
- يَوْمَئِذKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: يَوْمَئِذٍ · يَوْمَئِذٍۭ · يَوْمِئِذٍ
on that day
Mara katika Qur’ani: 70
- لَنKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: لَن · لَّن · لَنْ
will not (before a present verb)
Mara katika Qur’ani: 106
If it were so
Law is "if", of what is not so, or of what did not happen.
- لَوْif (of what did not or will not happen)
The corpus marks law as a word of condition.
Lawlā is law with lā: "if it were not for", and, before a verb, "why not?".
When it happened
Idh is "when", of what has happened.
- إِذْwhen (of what has happened)
The corpus marks idh as a word of time. Lammā before a past verb is also "when", once a thing had happened. Before a present verb, lammā is "not yet"; the corpus most often counts that lammā with lam, from lesson 4, and not as this word.
On that day
- يَوْمَئِذٍon that day
Yawmaʾidhin is yawma, "on the day", from lesson 9, with idh, which takes -in here, written as one word with it: "on that day". The corpus keeps it as one word of time.
Will not
Lan stands before a verb in its present form and denies the future: "will not". The verb after it ends in a, the subjunctive; a verb that ends in -ūna loses its -na.
- لَّنwill not (before a present verb)
In a sentence
I will not go.
This sentence was written for practice. Lan adhhaba: "I will not go". Adhhabu, "I go", ends in a after lan.
Reading
Maneno unayoyajua kikamilifu baada ya somo hili yamewekewa alama.
Ni vyake vilivyomo mbinguni na vilivyo katika ardhi. Na hakika Mwenyezi Mungu ni Mwenye kujitosha, Mwenye kusifiwa.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Na wanapoambiwa: Msifanye uharibifu katika ardhi. Husema: "Bali sisi ni watengenezaji."
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Waliyasema haya wale waliokuwa kabla yao, lakini hayakuwafaa waliyokuwa wakiyachuma.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Recall
- Which "when" is for what has happened?
- What does lan deny?
- What is yawmaʾidhin made of?
Answers: idh; the future, "will not"; yawma, "on the day", and idh.
Next
The next lesson teaches how a question is asked, bal, "rather", and the words that work like inna.
Uchambuzi wa maneno: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)