Asking, rather, and the words that work like inna
How a question is asked, bal, "rather", the small words that, like inna, put the noun after them in the accusative, and laysa, "is not".
Imeandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI
Masomo haya yameandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI, na bado hakuna mwalimu wa Kiarabu aliyeyasoma. Aya, maana zake na uchambuzi wa kila neno vimechukuliwa kutoka vyanzo vyake, ambavyo vinatajwa pale vinapoonyeshwa.
Somo hili limeandikwa kwa Kiingereza na Kibengali tu, kwa hiyo linaonyeshwa hapa kwa Kiingereza.
- Maneno ya Qur’ani yanayojulikana kikamilifu
- 49.2%
- Sehemu za maneno ya Qur’ani zilizofundishwa hadi sasa
- 69.3%
Yamehesabiwa kutoka Quranic Arabic Corpus: neno linajulikana kikamilifu kila sehemu yake ikishafundishwa. Hesabu hizi zinaonyesha maneno uliyokutana nayo, si kiasi unachoelewa.
Lesson 5 taught a-, which turns a sentence into a question. This lesson teaches more ways to ask, and bal, "rather". It also teaches the words that work like inna from lesson 4, which put the noun or pronoun after them in the accusative, and laysa, "is not".
The new words
- هَلKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: هَلْ · هَل · هَلِ
a question that asks yes or no
Mara katika Qur’ani: 93
- كَيْفKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: كَيْفَ
how
Mzizi: ك ي فMara katika Qur’ani: 83
- أَمKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: أَمْ · أَ · أَمِ
or (in a question)
Mara katika Qur’ani: 137
- بَلKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: بَلْ · بَل · بَلِ
rather; no, but
Mara katika Qur’ani: 127
- لَٰكِنKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: لَٰكِن · لَٰكِنِ · لَٰكِنْ
but
Mara katika Qur’ani: 73
- لَعَلّKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: لَعَلَّ · لَّعَلَّ
perhaps; so that
Mara katika Qur’ani: 123
- لَّيْسَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: لَيْسَ · لَّيْسَ · لَسْ
is not
Mzizi: ل ي سMara katika Qur’ani: 89
Asking
Hal asks a question that is answered "yes" or "no".
- هَلْa question that asks yes or no
Kayfa is "how".
- كَيْفَhow
Am is "or" inside a question: "is it this, or that?". It can also open a question of its own after what was said before: "or …?".
Rather
- بَلْrather; no, but
Bal is "rather": it turns from what was said before to what is said in its place, or to something further. The corpus calls it a particle of retraction.
Like inna
Lākin, "but", is most often said with a single n. Then the corpus marks it as a particle of amendment, and it does not change the ending of what follows. Said with a doubled n, lākinna works like inna; the corpus counts most of those as a word of its own, not as this one.
Laʿalla, "perhaps" or "so that", works like inna: the noun after it is in the accusative, and a pronoun is joined to it. The corpus counts it with inna's kind.
- لَعَلَّperhaps; so that
- هُۥhim, his; it, its
Laʿallahu is laʿalla and hu, "he": "perhaps he".
Is not
Laysa, "is not", works like kāna, "was", from lesson 6: what is said of its subject is in the accusative. It has a past form only, but means "is not".
- لَّسْis not
- تَyou, your (one man)
Lasta is laysa with ta, "you": "you are not". Before ta, laysa is shortened to las-. The corpus marks it as a verb of kāna's kind. What is said of "you" here has bi- in front, bi-muṣayṭirin, and so is in the genitive: bi- is often set before what laysa says.
In a sentence
Is this your pen?
This sentence was written for practice. Hal hādhā qalamuka?: hal, then "this is your pen", and it is a question.
The house is not far.
Laysa l-baytu baʿīdan: "far" is in the accusative, baʿīdan, after laysa.
Reading
Maneno unayoyajua kikamilifu baada ya somo hili yamewekewa alama.
Kisha tukawafanya nyinyi ndio wenye kushika pahala pao katika ardhi baada yao ili tuone jinsi mtakavyotenda.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Kwani tuliwapa Kitabu kabla ya hiki, na ikawa wao wanakishikilia hicho.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Wakasema: Bali sisi tumekuletea yale waliyokuwa wakiyafanyia shaka.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Recall
- What kind of question does hal ask?
- What case is the noun after laʿalla in?
- How does laysa change what is said of its subject?
Answers: one answered "yes" or "no"; the accusative; it puts it in the accusative, as kāna does, unless bi- stands before it.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight common verbs, and what happens to a verb whose root has a weak letter or a hamzah.
Uchambuzi wa maneno: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)