Those, after, at, with, some, other than, until and below
Eight common words of the Qur’ān, most of them nouns that take the noun after them in the genitive.
Imeandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI
Masomo haya yameandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI, na bado hakuna mwalimu wa Kiarabu aliyeyasoma. Aya, maana zake na uchambuzi wa kila neno vimechukuliwa kutoka vyanzo vyake, ambavyo vinatajwa pale vinapoonyeshwa.
Somo hili limeandikwa kwa Kiingereza na Kibengali tu, kwa hiyo linaonyeshwa hapa kwa Kiingereza.
- Maneno ya Qur’ani yanayojulikana kikamilifu
- 47.2%
- Sehemu za maneno ya Qur’ani zilizofundishwa hadi sasa
- 68%
Yamehesabiwa kutoka Quranic Arabic Corpus: neno linajulikana kikamilifu kila sehemu yake ikishafundishwa. Hesabu hizi zinaonyesha maneno uliyokutana nayo, si kiasi unachoelewa.
Many of the words Arabic uses for "after", "at" and "with" are not prepositions but nouns, joined to the noun after them as the first noun of an iḍāfah, which lesson 8 taught. The second noun is then in the genitive.
The new words
- أُولَٰٓئِكKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ
those
Mara katika Qur’ani: 204
- بَعْدKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: بَعْدِ · بَعْدَ · بَعْدُ
after
Mzizi: ب ع دMara katika Qur’ani: 199
- عِندKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: عِندَ · عِندِ
at, with, in the presence of
Mzizi: ع ن دMara katika Qur’ani: 197
- مَعKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: مَعَ · مَّعَ · مَعِ
with, together with
Mara katika Qur’ani: 159
- بَعْضKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: بَعْضٍ · بَعْضُ · بَعْضَ
some, part of
Mzizi: ب ع ضMara katika Qur’ani: 157
- غَيْرKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: غَيْرِ · غَيْرَ · غَيْرُ
other than; not
Mzizi: غ ي رMara katika Qur’ani: 147
- حَتَّىٰKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: حَتَّىٰ · حَتَّىٰٓ
until; even
Mara katika Qur’ani: 142
- دُونKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: دُونِ · دُونَ
below, other than, besides
Mzizi: د و نMara katika Qur’ani: 144
Nouns of place and time
- عِندَat, with, in the presence of
- هُۥhim, his; it, its
ʿIndahu is ʿinda, "at" or "with", and hu, "him". The corpus marks ʿinda as an adverb of place, in the accusative.
- بَعْدَafter
Baʿda is "after". The corpus marks it as an adverb of time. The word after it is in the genitive; here that word is dhālika, which keeps the same ending in every case.
- غَيْرِother than; not
Ghayri is "other than": here in the genitive, in al-Fātiḥah, and joined to the noun after it.
Those
- أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَthose
Ulāʾika is "those": the plural of dhālika, "that", from lesson 5. The corpus marks it as a word that points, plural.
Until
- حَتَّىٰuntil; even
Ḥattā is "until". The corpus marks it here as a preposition, and the noun after it is in the genitive.
In a sentence
I sat with my father after the lesson.
This sentence was written for practice. Maʿa abī, "with my father", and baʿda d-darsi, "after the lesson": each noun after maʿa and baʿda is in the genitive. In abī the ending does not show: -ī, "my", takes its place.
Reading
Maneno unayoyajua kikamilifu baada ya somo hili yamewekewa alama.
Akasema: Msiogope! Hakika Mimi ni pamoja nanyi. Nasikia na ninaona.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Ya kuwa: "Leo kamwe masikini mmoja asikuingilieni."
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Ni vyake vyote vilivyo katika mbingu na vilivyo katika ardhi, na vilivyo baina yake, na vilivyo chini ya ardhi.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Recall
- What case is the noun after baʿda in?
- What is ulāʾika?
- What does the corpus call ʿinda?
Answers: the genitive; "those", the plural of dhālika; an adverb of place.
Next
The next lesson teaches the words for "if" and "when": law, lawlā, idh, lammā and yawmaʾidhin, and lan, "will not".
Uchambuzi wa maneno: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)