Names: one ending for two cases
Eight of the commonest names of the Qur’ān, the ending that sets many of them apart from most other nouns, and which names show it.
Imeandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI
Masomo haya yameandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI, na bado hakuna mwalimu wa Kiarabu aliyeyasoma. Aya, maana zake na uchambuzi wa kila neno vimechukuliwa kutoka vyanzo vyake, ambavyo vinatajwa pale vinapoonyeshwa.
Somo hili limeandikwa kwa Kiingereza na Kibengali tu, kwa hiyo linaonyeshwa hapa kwa Kiingereza.
- Maneno ya Qur’ani yanayojulikana kikamilifu
- 62.8%
- Sehemu za maneno ya Qur’ani zilizofundishwa hadi sasa
- 77.5%
Yamehesabiwa kutoka Quranic Arabic Corpus: neno linajulikana kikamilifu kila sehemu yake ikishafundishwa. Hesabu hizi zinaonyesha maneno uliyokutana nayo, si kiasi unachoelewa.
Most names are definite simply by being names: they take no al-, and the corpus marks them as proper nouns. Many of the Qur’ān's names also do something most other nouns do not. This lesson teaches that, with eight of the names the Qur’ān uses most. The course gives a person's name as it is said, and says nothing of who the person was: that is read in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
The new words
- مُوسَىٰKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: مُوسَىٰ · مُوسَىٰٓ · مُوسَى
Mūsā, a name
Mara katika Qur’ani: 136
- فِرْعَوْنKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: فِرْعَوْنَ · فِرْعَوْنُ
Firʿawn, a name
Mara katika Qur’ani: 74
- إِبْرَاهِيمKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: إِبْرَٰهِيمَ · إِبْرَٰهِۦمَ · إِبْرَٰهِيمُ
Ibrāhīm, a name
Mara katika Qur’ani: 69
- إِسْرَائِيلKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ · إِسْرَٰٓءِيلُ
Isrāʾīl, a name
Mara katika Qur’ani: 43
- نُوحKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: نُوحٍ · نُوحًا · نُوحٌ
Nūḥ, a name
Mara katika Qur’ani: 43
- مَرْيَمKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: مَرْيَمَ · مَرْيَمُ
Maryam, a name
Mara katika Qur’ani: 34
- قُرْءَانKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: قُرْءَانَ · قُرْءَانِ · قُرْءَانُ
Hakuna maana inayotolewa hapa: neno hili linabeba dini, na maana yake husomwa katika aya, pamoja na maana iliyo kando yake.
Mzizi: ق ر اMara katika Qur’ani: 70
- جَهَنَّمKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: جَهَنَّمَ · جَهَنَّمُ
Hakuna maana inayotolewa hapa: neno hili linabeba dini, na maana yake husomwa katika aya, pamoja na maana iliyo kando yake.
Mara katika Qur’ani: 77
Two of them, al-qurʾān and jahannam, carry the religion: the course gives no meaning of its own for either, and you read them in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
No tanwīn, and -a for the genitive
Most of these names take no tanwīn, and have one ending, -a, for both the accusative and the genitive. In the nominative they end in -u as other nouns do. Grammar calls such a noun mamnūʿ min aṣ-ṣarf, "kept from a part of its endings".
- فِرْعَوْنُFirʿawn, a name
Firʿawnu: the corpus marks it nominative, and it ends in u.
- فِرْعَوْنَFirʿawn, a name
Firʿawna: the corpus marks it genitive, after ilā, and it ends in a.
- وَand
- إِبْرَٰهِيمَIbrāhīm, a name
Wa-ibrāhīma is wa and ibrāhīma: the corpus marks this one accusative.
- وَand
- إِبْرَٰهِيمَIbrāhīm, a name
Wa-ibrāhīma again, and the same a: the corpus marks this one genitive. The word is written alike, and the sentence tells you its case.
- إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَIsrāʾīl, a name
Isrāʾīla, genitive, with a.
- مَرْيَمَMaryam, a name
Maryama, genitive, with a.
- وَand
- مَرْيَمَMaryam, a name
Wa-maryama, accusative, with a.
- جَهَنَّمَ
Jahannama, genitive, with a.
Mūsā
A name ending in a long -ā shows no case at all.
- مُوسَىٰMūsā, a name
Mūsā: the corpus marks it nominative.
- وَand
- مُوسَىٰMūsā, a name
Wa-mūsā: the corpus marks it genitive, and it is written the same.
Vitabu vya Ibrahimu na Musa.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5In this verse the two stand side by side, joined by wa. Ibrāhīma shows the genitive with a, and mūsā shows nothing.
Nūḥ: a short name
A short name of three letters with a long vowel in the middle may take its endings as other nouns do, with tanwīn. Nūḥ is one.
- نُوحٌNūḥ, a name
Nūḥun: nominative.
- نُوحًاNūḥ, a name
Nūḥan: accusative.
- نُوحٍNūḥ, a name
Nūḥin: genitive.
Lesson 24 taught tanwīn as the ending of a noun that is not definite. This one does not make the name indefinite: the corpus marks none of these three as indefinite.
With al-
Qurʾān takes al- in most of its places, and then it has the three endings of any noun with al-, -u, -a and -i.
- ٱلْthe
- قُرْءَانُ
Al-qurʾānu: the corpus marks it as a proper noun, nominative.
- قُرْءَانٌ
Qurʾānun, with no al- and with tanwīn: the corpus marks it as a proper noun, and here it does mark it indefinite.
Reading
Maneno unayoyajua kikamilifu baada ya somo hili yamewekewa alama.
Akasema: Itupe, ewe Musa!
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Na nini hicho kilichomo mkononi mwako wa kulia, ewe Musa?
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5(Firauni) akasema: Basi Mola wenu Mlezi ni nani, ewe Musa?
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Recall
- Which ending do most of these names have in the genitive?
- Why does Mūsā show no case?
- Which two names of this lesson take tanwīn?
Answers: -a; it ends in a long -ā; Nūḥ and Qurʾān.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight more small words: "she", "I", "which" and others.
Uchambuzi wa maneno: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)