The one who does: the doer's noun and its plural

A verb has a noun for the one who does it. Grammar calls it the active participle, ism al-fāʿil. Lesson 20 met it on one verb of form IV. This lesson teaches it on the first form, and its masculine plural.

The new words

Five of them, ẓālim, ṣāliḥ, aṣ-ṣāliḥāt, mujrim and muḥsin, carry the religion in the Qur’ān's use of them: the course gives no meaning of its own for any of them, and you read them in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.

The first form: long ā, then i

For a verb of the first form, the doer's noun has a long ā after the first letter of the root and i after the second. Ẓalama, from lesson 18, gives ẓālim; the root ṣ-d-q gives ṣādiq, and kh-l-d gives khālid. The corpus marks each of these as an active participle.

After form I: mu-

For the other forms the noun begins with mu-, as lesson 20 said. Mujrim and muḥsin are of form IV, from the roots j-r-m and ḥ-s-n.

Al-mujrimu is al- and mujrim. The corpus marks it masculine singular, in the nominative, form IV.

The plural: -ūna and -īna

The masculine plural that adds an ending, from lesson 20, is the plural these words take most. It adds -ūna in the nominative, and -īna in the genitive and the accusative.

Aṣ-ṣāliḥūna: nominative, with -ūna. The l of al- is written, and the ṣ after it carries the shaddah. How the two meet is taught in the library's Tajwīd title.

Ẓālimīna: the corpus marks it accusative. Kunnā, the word before it, is kāna with nā, and what is said of the subject of kāna takes the accusative, as lesson 6 taught.

Bi-l-mujrimīna is bi, then al-, then mujrimīna: genitive after bi.

Ṣādiqīna: the same ending, and again the corpus marks it accusative, after kānū, which is kāna with ū.

The feminine plural in the accusative

The feminine plural in -āt has one ending for two cases: in the accusative as in the genitive it ends in i.

Aṣ-ṣāliḥāti has al- and -āti. The corpus marks it feminine plural and accusative, with the ending i. An active participle in the feminine usually adds -ah, and its plural that adds an ending has -āt.

In a sentence

This sentence was written for practice. Al-awlādu ṣādiqūna: al-awlādu, "the boys", and what is said of them, with no word for "are". Ṣādiqūna has no al-, so it does not describe the boys: it is what is said of them.

Maʿa l-muʿallimīna: -īna, because the word after maʿa is in the genitive, as lesson 14 taught. Muʿallim, "teacher", is the doer's noun of a verb of form II, and begins with mu-.

Reading

Maneno unayoyajua kikamilifu baada ya somo hili yamewekewa alama.

Recall

• What is the active participle of a first-form verb built like?
• Which ending does the masculine plural take in the genitive?
• What ending does the feminine plural in -āt have in the accusative?

Answers: a long ā after the first letter of the root, and i after the second; -īna; i, as in the genitive.

Next

The next lesson teaches words for family, and three nouns that show their case with a long vowel.