Earth, sky, day, a people, nafs and people
Six of the commonest nouns of the Qur’ān, nouns that are feminine with no sign of it, and the two ways Arabic makes a plural.
Imeandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI
Masomo haya yameandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI, na bado hakuna mwalimu wa Kiarabu aliyeyasoma. Aya, maana zake na uchambuzi wa kila neno vimechukuliwa kutoka vyanzo vyake, ambavyo vinatajwa pale vinapoonyeshwa.
Somo hili limeandikwa kwa Kiingereza na Kibengali tu, kwa hiyo linaonyeshwa hapa kwa Kiingereza.
- Maneno ya Qur’ani yanayojulikana kikamilifu
- 41.3%
- Sehemu za maneno ya Qur’ani zilizofundishwa hadi sasa
- 63.7%
Yamehesabiwa kutoka Quranic Arabic Corpus: neno linajulikana kikamilifu kila sehemu yake ikishafundishwa. Hesabu hizi zinaonyesha maneno uliyokutana nayo, si kiasi unachoelewa.
This lesson teaches six nouns: the earth, the sky, the day, a people, nafs, and people. One of them, nafs, carries the religion: the course gives no meaning of its own for it, and you read it in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them. With these nouns the lesson teaches two things the corpus marks on a noun: whether it is masculine or feminine, and whether it is plural.
The new words
- أَرْضKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: أَرْضِ · أَرْضَ · أَرْضُ
earth, land, ground
Mzizi: ا ر ضMara katika Qur’ani: 461
- سَمَآءKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: سَّمَٰوَٰتِ · سَّمَآءِ · سَّمَآءَ
sky (in the plural, the skies or the heavens)
Mzizi: س م وMara katika Qur’ani: 310
- يَوْمKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: يَوْمَ · يَوْمِ · يَوْمٍ
day
Mzizi: ي و مMara katika Qur’ani: 405
- قَوْمKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: قَوْمِ · قَوْمٍ · قَوْمَ
a people, a nation
Mzizi: ق و مMara katika Qur’ani: 383
- نَفْسKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: أَنفُسِ · أَنفُسَ · نَفْسِ
Hakuna maana inayotolewa hapa: neno hili linabeba dini, na maana yake husomwa katika aya, pamoja na maana iliyo kando yake.
Mzizi: ن ف سMara katika Qur’ani: 295
- نَّاسKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: نَّاسِ · نَّاسَ · نَّاسُ
people
Mzizi: ن و سMara katika Qur’ani: 241
Feminine without a sign
Many feminine nouns end in -ah, the tā’ marbūṭah. Some do not, and are feminine all the same.
- ٱلْthe
- أَرْضَearth, land, ground
Al-arḍa is al- and arḍ, "earth". The corpus marks arḍ feminine, and its ending here accusative. Samāʾ, "sky", is feminine in the same way, with no sign of it.
Two ways to make a plural
One kind of plural adds an ending. The feminine plural adds -āt:
- ٱلthe
- سَّمَٰوَٰتِsky (in the plural, the skies or the heavens)
As-samāwāti is al- and samāwāt, the plural of samāʾ. The w before -āt is the last letter of the root s-m-w, which the singular writes as a hamzah. The corpus marks it feminine plural.
The other kind changes the vowels inside the word, and is called a broken plural:
- ٱلthe
- نُّفُوسُ
An-nufūsu is al- and nufūs, a plural of nafs: the letters n, f and s stay, and the vowels around them change. The corpus marks nufūs feminine plural too, as it marks samāwāt: its tag names the number, not the way the plural is made.
A people, and people
Qawm is "a people", a group or a nation. Nās is "people", and the corpus marks it masculine plural.
Siku ambayo watu watakuwa kama nondo waliotawanywa;
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5In this verse, an-nāsu has the nominative ending u. Of its five words you now know three whole: yawma, "day"; yakūnu, the present of kāna from lesson 6; and an-nāsu. The fourth begins with ka-, which the next lesson teaches.
In a sentence
The earth is large.
This sentence was written for practice. Al-arḍu kabīratun: "large" takes the feminine ending -ah, because arḍ is feminine.
Reading
Maneno unayoyajua kikamilifu baada ya somo hili yamewekewa alama.
Na ni vya Mwenyezi Mungu tu vyote vilivyo katika mbingu na vilivyo katika dunia. Na Mwenyezi Mungu amekizingira kila kitu.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Hakika, Mwenyezi Mungu hakifichikani chochote kwake, katika dunia wala katika mbingu.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Na ni cha Mwenyezi Mungu kilicho katika mbingu na kilicho katika ardhi, na kwa Mwenyezi Mungu ndiko mambo yote yatarejeshwa.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Recall
- Is arḍ masculine or feminine?
- What does the feminine plural add to a noun?
- What is a broken plural?
Answers: feminine; -āt; a plural made by changing the vowels inside the word, as nufūs from nafs.
Next
The next lesson teaches how to call someone, how to say "like", the -nna that makes a verb certain, and the pronoun for women.
Uchambuzi wa maneno: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)