Who, which, this, that, he and they
The words that point to a person or a thing, the pronouns that stand on their own, and the letter that asks a question.
Imeandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI
Masomo haya yameandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI, na bado hakuna mwalimu wa Kiarabu aliyeyasoma. Aya, maana zake na uchambuzi wa kila neno vimechukuliwa kutoka vyanzo vyake, ambavyo vinatajwa pale vinapoonyeshwa.
Somo hili limeandikwa kwa Kiingereza na Kibengali tu, kwa hiyo linaonyeshwa hapa kwa Kiingereza.
- Maneno ya Qur’ani yanayojulikana kikamilifu
- 29.1%
- Sehemu za maneno ya Qur’ani zilizofundishwa hadi sasa
- 56%
Yamehesabiwa kutoka Quranic Arabic Corpus: neno linajulikana kikamilifu kila sehemu yake ikishafundishwa. Hesabu hizi zinaonyesha maneno uliyokutana nayo, si kiasi unachoelewa.
The second lesson's pronouns are joined to a word. Arabic also has pronouns that stand on their own, words that point ("this", "that"), and words that stand for a person or a thing ("who", "the one who"). This lesson teaches the commonest of them, and the one-letter word that turns a sentence into a question.
The new words
- ٱلَّذِىKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: ٱلَّذِينَ · ٱلَّذِى · لَّذِينَ
who, which, that: the one who
Mara katika Qur’ani: 1464
- مَنKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: مَن · مَنْ · مَّن
who; the one who, whoever
Mara katika Qur’ani: 871
- ذَٰلِكKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: ذَٰلِكَ · تِلْكَ · ذَٰلِكُمْ
that
Mara katika Qur’ani: 520
- هَٰذَاKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: هَٰذَا · هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ · هَٰذَآ
this; these
Mara katika Qur’ani: 318
- هُوَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: هُوَ
he, it
Mara katika Qur’ani: 481
- هُمْKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: هُمْ
they
Mara katika Qur’ani: 585
- أَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: أَ · ءَ
a question: it asks about what follows
Mara katika Qur’ani: 513
The one who
Alladhī is "the one who" or "which", and it begins a description of someone or something. It changes its shape for the number and gender of who it describes: alladhīna is "those who".
- ٱلَّذِينَwho, which, that: the one who
The corpus gives alladhīna the lemma alladhī, and marks it as masculine and plural.
Man is "who". Most often in the Qur’ān it means "the one who" or "whoever"; less often it asks "who?".
This and that
Hādhā is "this", for what is near, and dhālika is "that", for what is further off.
- ذَٰلِكَthat
This is my pen.
This sentence was written for practice. Hādhā qalamī: "this", then qalam, "pen", with ī, "my", from the second lesson. Arabic needs no word for "is" in a sentence like this one.
He and they
Huwa is "he" or "it", standing on its own, and hum is "they".
Sema: Yeye Mwenyezi Mungu ni wa Pekee.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5The second word of this verse is huwa. The corpus gives huwa no lemma; it names it by its person, gender and number, as it names the joined pronouns.
Asking
A-, the letter hamzah written on an alif and joined to the front of a word, makes a sentence a question.
- أَa question: it asks about what follows
- لَمْdid not (before a present verb, it denies the past)
A-lam is a-, the question, and lam, "did not", from the last lesson: "did … not?".
Reading
Maneno unayoyajua kikamilifu baada ya somo hili yamewekewa alama.
Na hilo kwa Mwenyezi Mungu si jambo gumu.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Ambayo kwayo wanahitalifiana.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Na hawatoacha kuwamo humo.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Recall
- What is the difference between hādhā and dhālika?
- What lemma does the corpus give alladhīna?
- What does a- do at the front of a word?
Answers: hādhā is "this", for what is near, and dhālika "that", for what is further; alladhī; it makes the sentence a question.
Next
The next lesson teaches the first verbs: "said", "was", "made", "came" and "knew".
Uchambuzi wa maneno: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)