The pronouns that join the end of a word
The seven commonest pronouns the Qur’ān writes as part of a word, after a verb, a noun or a small word: they, you, he, we, I and she.
Imeandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI
Masomo haya yameandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI, na bado hakuna mwalimu wa Kiarabu aliyeyasoma. Aya, maana zake na uchambuzi wa kila neno vimechukuliwa kutoka vyanzo vyake, ambavyo vinatajwa pale vinapoonyeshwa.
Somo hili limeandikwa kwa Kiingereza na Kibengali tu, kwa hiyo linaonyeshwa hapa kwa Kiingereza.
- Maneno ya Qur’ani yanayojulikana kikamilifu
- 3.5%
- Sehemu za maneno ya Qur’ani zilizofundishwa hadi sasa
- 39.6%
Yamehesabiwa kutoka Quranic Arabic Corpus: neno linajulikana kikamilifu kila sehemu yake ikishafundishwa. Hesabu hizi zinaonyesha maneno uliyokutana nayo, si kiasi unachoelewa.
The last lesson's words join the front of a word. This lesson's join its end. They are pronouns, the words for "they", "you", "he", "we", "I" and "she", and the Qur’ān writes them as part of the word before them.
Two of them, "they" and "you" for more than one, are among the five commonest parts of the Qur’ān's words, and "he" is among the ten commonest. With the last lesson's words, they are much of what holds a sentence together.
The new words
- وا۟Kama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: وا۟ · ونَ · هُمْ
they (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Mara katika Qur’ani: 7366
- كُمْKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: كُمْ · وا۟ · ونَ
you, your (more than two)
Mara katika Qur’ani: 4645
- هُۥKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: هُۥ · هُ · هِ
him, his; it, its
Mara katika Qur’ani: 2727
- نَاKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: نَا · نَٰ · نَآ
we (as the doer of a verb); us, our
Mara katika Qur’ani: 2347
- كَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: كَ · تَ · تَّ
you, your (one man)
Mara katika Qur’ani: 1300
- ىKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: ى · تُ · نِى
me, my; I (as the doer of a verb)
Mara katika Qur’ani: 1239
- هَاKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: هَا · هَآ
her; it, its (for a word that is feminine)
Mara katika Qur’ani: 1062
The corpus names each pronoun by three things: its person (the speaker, the one spoken to, or someone else), its gender and its number, in that order. "3MP" is third person, masculine, plural: "they", "them", "their". The table shows the ways the Qur’ān writes each one: a pronoun can take one shape when it is the one who does a verb's action, and another when the action is done to it or when it follows a noun.
Joined to a verb
A pronoun joined to a verb can be the one who does the action, or the one it is done to.
- أَعْطَيْ
- نَٰwe (as the doer of a verb); us, our
- كَyou, your (one man)
This one word has three parts: a verb, aʿṭā, then nā, "we", the ones who give, and then ka, "you", the one given to. In Arabic a whole sentence can be one written word.
- ٱهْدِ
- نَاwe (as the doer of a verb); us, our
Here nā is joined to a verb in the imperative, the form that tells or asks someone to do something, and it is the one the action is done to: "us".
Joined to a small word
A pronoun can also join the small words of the next lesson, the words for "in", "on" and "to".
- فِيin, about
- هِhim, his; it, its
Fīhi is fī, "in", and hi, "it": "in it". The corpus calls this pronoun third person, masculine, singular, the same pronoun as "his" and "him".
- عَلَيْon, upon, over, against
- هِمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
ʿAlayhim is ʿalā, "on", and him, "them". This pronoun is written hum or him by the sound before it; both are the same pronoun.
Joined to a noun
Joined to a noun, a pronoun says whose it is: "his", "our", "my".
Our house is near.
This sentence was written for practice. Baytunā is bayt, "house", and nā, "our".
Reading
Maneno unayoyajua kikamilifu baada ya somo hili yamewekewa alama.
Mwenyezi Mungu tu ndiye Mwenye Akhera na dunia.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Basi msujudieni Mwenyezi Mungu, na mumuabudu.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Recall
- In the word aʿṭaynāka, which part is "we" and which is "you"?
- What does "3MP" stand for?
- In fīhi, what is hi?
Answers: nā is "we" and ka is "you"; third person, masculine, plural; the pronoun "it" (third person, masculine, singular), joined to fī.
Next
The next lesson teaches the small words of place and direction: "from", "in", "on", "to" and "about".
Uchambuzi wa maneno: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)