Eight common verbs, and roots with a weak letter or a hamzah
Eight common verbs of the Qur’ān, and what happens to a verb whose root has a weak middle letter or a hamzah.
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- Erayada Qur’aanka ee si buuxda loo yaqaan
- 50.6%
- Qaybaha erayada Qur’aanka ee la baray ilaa hadda
- 70.1%
Waxaa laga tiriyey Quranic Arabic Corpus: eray si buuxda ayaa loo yaqaan marka qayb kasta oo ka mid ah la baray. Tirooyinku waxay sheegayaan erayada aad la kulantay, ma aha inta aad fahantay.
This lesson teaches eight more of the commonest verbs of the Qur’ān. Several of them have a root with a weak letter or a hamzah, and those change their shape in ways the corpus lets you see.
The new words
- خَلَقَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: خَلَقَ · خَلَقْ · يَخْلُقُ
create, make (khalaqa: he created)
Xididka: خ ل قInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 184
- شَآءَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: يَشَآءُ · شَآءَ · شِئْ
Halkan macne lagama bixiyo: eraygani wuxuu sidaa diinta, macnihiisana waxaa lagu akhriyaa aayadaha, iyadoo macnuhu ag yaallo.
Xididka: ش ي اInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 236
- أَرَادَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: يُرِيدُ · أَرَادَ · تُرِيدُ
Halkan macne lagama bixiyo: eraygani wuxuu sidaa diinta, macnihiisana waxaa lagu akhriyaa aayadaha, iyadoo macnuhu ag yaallo.
Xididka: ر و دInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 139
- أَخَذَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: أَخَذْ · أَخَذَ · أَخَذَتْ
take, seize (akhadha: he took)
Xididka: ا خ ذInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 127
- وَجَدَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: تَجِدُ · يَجِدُ · وَجَدْ
find (wajada: he found)
Xididka: و ج دInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 106
- سَأَلَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: يَسْـَٔلُ · سَأَلْ · أَسْـَٔلُ
ask (saʾala: he asked)
Xididka: س ا لInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 106
- أَكَلَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: تَأْكُلُ · كُلُ · يَأْكُلُ
eat (akala: he ate)
Xididka: ا ك لInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 93
- خَافَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: أَخَافُ · يَخَافُ · خِفْ
fear (khāfa: he feared)
Xididka: خ و فInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 83
Two of them, shāʾa and arāda, carry the religion in the Qur’ān's use of them: the course gives no meaning of its own for either, and you read them in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
A weak middle letter
Some roots have w or y as their middle letter. In the past form that letter becomes a long ā: khāfa, "feared", is from the root kh-w-f.
- خَافَfear (khāfa: he feared)
- يَخَافُfear (khāfa: he feared)
In the present form there is a long vowel too: ā here, in yakhāfu, "he fears". Qāla, from lesson 6, is a verb of the same kind, with ū in its present: yaqūlu, "he says".
- يُرِيدُ
Yurīdu is the present of arāda, whose root r-w-d has a weak middle letter too, here a long ī. The corpus marks arāda as form IV, which is why its present begins with yu-.
A hamzah
Akhadha, "took", saʾala, "asked", and akala, "ate", each have a hamzah in their root. The hamzah is most often kept, as in yaʾkhudhu, "he takes". In the command of akhadha and of akala it is dropped: khudh, "take!", and kul, "eat!".
- فَso, then, and so
- أَخَذَtake, seize (akhadha: he took)
- هُhim, his; it, its
Fa-akhadhahu is fa, then akhadha, "took", then hu, "him". The corpus marks this fa as one of cause: what follows comes because of what went before.
The passive
- سُئِلَتْask (saʾala: he asked)
Suʾilat is "she was asked": the past of saʾala with u and i in place of a and a. The corpus marks it passive. The next lesson has more of the passive.
In a sentence
The boy ate.
This sentence was written for practice. Akala l-waladu: "the boy ate", verb first.
Reading
Erayada aad si buuxda u taqaan casharkan kadib waa la calaamadeeyey.
55. Ee qofkii rabaa ha ku waano qaato.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2696. Allaah baana idin abuuray idinka iyo waxaad sameysaanba?
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2623. (Alle) lama weydiiyo wuxuu Falo, iyagase (dadka) waa la weydiin.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26Recall
- What does a weak middle letter become in the past form?
- Why does yurīdu begin with yu-?
- How is the passive past of saʾala written?
Answers: a long ā; arāda is form IV; suʾila, "he was asked".
Next
The next lesson teaches eight more verbs, and how the corpus marks the passive and the derived forms of a verb.
Falanqaynta erayada: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)