The forms of a verb, the passive, and eight more verbs
Eight more common verbs, the passive, and the derived forms of a verb as the corpus marks them.
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- Erayada Qur’aanka ee si buuxda loo yaqaan
- 51.7%
- Qaybaha erayada Qur’aanka ee la baray ilaa hadda
- 70.7%
Waxaa laga tiriyey Quranic Arabic Corpus: eray si buuxda ayaa loo yaqaan marka qayb kasta oo ka mid ah la baray. Tirooyinku waxay sheegayaan erayada aad la kulantay, ma aha inta aad fahantay.
A root can make more than one verb. Arabic builds them on a few patterns, which grammars written in English call forms and number I to X. The corpus marks each verb's form. This lesson teaches eight verbs, several of them in forms other than the first, and the passive.
The new words
- ٱتَّخَذَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: ٱتَّخَذُ · ٱتَّخَذَ · تَتَّخِذُ
take for oneself, adopt (ittakhadha: he took)
Xididka: ا خ ذInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 124
- ظَلَمَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: ظَلَمُ · يَظْلِمُ · يُظْلَمُ
wrong, do wrong (ẓalama: he wronged)
Xididka: ظ ل مInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 110
- كَذَّبَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: كَذَّبُ · تُكَذِّبَ · كَذَّبَ
Halkan macne lagama bixiyo: eraygani wuxuu sidaa diinta, macnihiisana waxaa lagu akhriyaa aayadaha, iyadoo macnuhu ag yaallo.
Xididka: ك ذ بInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 176
- أَخْرَجَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: أَخْرَجَ · يُخْرِجُ · أَخْرَجْ
bring out (akhraja: he brought out)
Xididka: خ ر جInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 99
- قَتَلَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: تَقْتُلُ · يَقْتُلُ · ٱقْتُلُ
kill (qatala: he killed)
Xididka: ق ت لInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 83
- رَجَعَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: تُرْجَعُ · يَرْجِعُ · يُرْجَعُ
return, go back (rajaʿa: he returned)
Xididka: ر ج عInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 79
- وَعَدَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: وَعَدَ · تُوعَدُ · يُوعَدُ
promise (waʿada: he promised)
Xididka: و ع دInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 70
- تَوَلَّىٰSida Qur’aanku u qoro: تَوَلَّ · تَوَلَّىٰ · يَتَوَلَّ
turn away (tawallā: he turned away)
Xididka: و ل يInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 78
One of them, kadhdhaba, carries the religion in the Qur’ān's use of it: the course gives no meaning of its own for it, and you read it in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
Forms of a verb
- فَso, then, and so
- كَذَّبَ
Kadhdhaba doubles the middle letter of its root, k-dh-b. The corpus marks it as form II.
- وَand
- أَخْرَجَbring out (akhraja: he brought out)
Akhraja, "brought out", puts a- in front of the root kh-r-j. The corpus marks it as form IV, the form of arāda from the last lesson.
- وَand
- تَوَلَّىٰٓturn away (tawallā: he turned away)
Tawallā, "turned away", has ta- in front and a doubled middle letter. The corpus marks it as form V.
- ٱتَّخَذَtake for oneself, adopt (ittakhadha: he took)
Ittakhadha, "took for himself", has i- in front and a t after the first letter of the root. Its root is ʾ-kh-dh, and here the first letter, the hamzah, has itself become t, so the t is doubled: it-takhadha. The corpus marks it as form VIII, the form of ittabaʿa, "followed", from lesson 11.
The next stage of the course is about these forms. For now, it is enough to see that the corpus names them, and that the root stays the same.
The passive
A verb in the passive says what was done, and not who did it. In the past form it has u and then i: qatala, "killed", becomes qutila, "was killed".
- قُتِلَkill (qatala: he killed)
The corpus marks qutila passive. "Was killed" is what the form says, word for word; what the verse says is read in the edition's meaning, not from these words.
A command
- ٱرْجِعِreturn, go back (rajaʿa: he returned)
- ىٓ
Irjiʿī is the command of rajaʿa, "return", said to a woman: ī at the end, as in lesson 11.
In a sentence
The boy went back to the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Rajaʿa l-waladu ilā l-bayti: "the boy went back to the house", with ilā from lesson 3.
Reading
Erayada aad si buuxda u taqaan casharkan kadib waa la calaamadeeyey.
33. Ee ma aragtay kan ka jeesaday (Islaamka).
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2632. Wuuse beeniyey oo jeesaday.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2616. Ee (Xaqa) beeniya oo ka jeesada.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26Recall
- Which form doubles the middle letter of the root?
- How does the passive past differ from the active?
- Which form is ittakhadha?
Answers: form II, and form V with ta- in front; it has u and then i, as qutila; form VIII.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight common nouns, and the dual and broken plural on them.
Falanqaynta erayada: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)