Asking, rather, and the words that work like inna
How a question is asked, bal, "rather", the small words that, like inna, put the noun after them in the accusative, and laysa, "is not".
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- Erayada Qur’aanka ee si buuxda loo yaqaan
- 49.2%
- Qaybaha erayada Qur’aanka ee la baray ilaa hadda
- 69.3%
Waxaa laga tiriyey Quranic Arabic Corpus: eray si buuxda ayaa loo yaqaan marka qayb kasta oo ka mid ah la baray. Tirooyinku waxay sheegayaan erayada aad la kulantay, ma aha inta aad fahantay.
Lesson 5 taught a-, which turns a sentence into a question. This lesson teaches more ways to ask, and bal, "rather". It also teaches the words that work like inna from lesson 4, which put the noun or pronoun after them in the accusative, and laysa, "is not".
The new words
- هَلSida Qur’aanku u qoro: هَلْ · هَل · هَلِ
a question that asks yes or no
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 93
- كَيْفSida Qur’aanku u qoro: كَيْفَ
how
Xididka: ك ي فInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 83
- أَمSida Qur’aanku u qoro: أَمْ · أَ · أَمِ
or (in a question)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 137
- بَلSida Qur’aanku u qoro: بَلْ · بَل · بَلِ
rather; no, but
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 127
- لَٰكِنSida Qur’aanku u qoro: لَٰكِن · لَٰكِنِ · لَٰكِنْ
but
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 73
- لَعَلّSida Qur’aanku u qoro: لَعَلَّ · لَّعَلَّ
perhaps; so that
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 123
- لَّيْسَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: لَيْسَ · لَّيْسَ · لَسْ
is not
Xididka: ل ي سInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 89
Asking
Hal asks a question that is answered "yes" or "no".
- هَلْa question that asks yes or no
Kayfa is "how".
- كَيْفَhow
Am is "or" inside a question: "is it this, or that?". It can also open a question of its own after what was said before: "or …?".
Rather
- بَلْrather; no, but
Bal is "rather": it turns from what was said before to what is said in its place, or to something further. The corpus calls it a particle of retraction.
Like inna
Lākin, "but", is most often said with a single n. Then the corpus marks it as a particle of amendment, and it does not change the ending of what follows. Said with a doubled n, lākinna works like inna; the corpus counts most of those as a word of its own, not as this one.
Laʿalla, "perhaps" or "so that", works like inna: the noun after it is in the accusative, and a pronoun is joined to it. The corpus counts it with inna's kind.
- لَعَلَّperhaps; so that
- هُۥhim, his; it, its
Laʿallahu is laʿalla and hu, "he": "perhaps he".
Is not
Laysa, "is not", works like kāna, "was", from lesson 6: what is said of its subject is in the accusative. It has a past form only, but means "is not".
- لَّسْis not
- تَyou, your (one man)
Lasta is laysa with ta, "you": "you are not". Before ta, laysa is shortened to las-. The corpus marks it as a verb of kāna's kind. What is said of "you" here has bi- in front, bi-muṣayṭirin, and so is in the genitive: bi- is often set before what laysa says.
In a sentence
Is this your pen?
This sentence was written for practice. Hal hādhā qalamuka?: hal, then "this is your pen", and it is a question.
The house is not far.
Laysa l-baytu baʿīdan: "far" is in the accusative, baʿīdan, after laysa.
Reading
Erayada aad si buuxda u taqaan casharkan kadib waa la calaamadeeyey.
14. Markaasaan idinka dhignay kuwa u hadha dhulka iyaga kaddib, si aan u eegno sidaad fashaan.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2621. Mise waxaan siinnay Kitaab ka horreeyey (Qur’aanka oo amri inay caabudaan Alle qeyrki) oo ay heystaan?
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2663.Waxay (malaa’igtii) yidhaahdeen: Mayee waxaanu kuula nimid waxay ka doodayeen.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26Recall
- What kind of question does hal ask?
- What case is the noun after laʿalla in?
- How does laysa change what is said of its subject?
Answers: one answered "yes" or "no"; the accusative; it puts it in the accusative, as kāna does, unless bi- stands before it.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight common verbs, and what happens to a verb whose root has a weak letter or a hamzah.
Falanqaynta erayada: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)