The present form of the verb, and the future
How a verb in its present form begins with a letter that tells you who acts, and how one letter in front of it makes it future.
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- Perkataan al-Quran yang diketahui sepenuhnya
- 35.4%
- Bahagian perkataan al-Quran yang sudah diajarkan
- 60.1%
Dikira daripada Quranic Arabic Corpus: sesuatu perkataan diketahui sepenuhnya apabila setiap bahagiannya sudah diajarkan. Bilangan ini menunjukkan perkataan yang telah anda temui, bukan sejauh mana anda memahaminya.
The past form of a verb tells you who acted by its ending. The present form tells you mostly by its beginning: a letter in front of the root. This lesson teaches that, four more common verbs, and the letter sa-, which turns the present into the future.
The new words
- عَمِلَSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: تَعْمَلُ · عَمِلُ · يَعْمَلُ
do, work (ʿamila: he did)
Kata akar: ع م لKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 276
- رَءَاSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: يَرَ · تَرَ · رَءَيْ
see (raʾā: he saw)
Kata akar: ر ا يKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 271
- أَتَىSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: يَأْتِي · يَأْتِ · أَتَىٰ
come, come to, bring (atā: he came)
Kata akar: ا ت يKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 264
- آتَىSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: ءَاتَيْ · أُوتُ · ءَاتَىٰ
give (ātā: he gave)
Kata akar: ا ت يKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 271
- سَ
will (before a present verb, it speaks of what is to come)
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 119
The letter in front
In the present form, the first letter says who does the action:
- ya- is "he", and with -ūna at the end, "they";
- ta- is "you", and also "she";
- a- is "I";
- na- is "we".
- يَرَىٰsee (raʾā: he saw)
Yarā is "he sees": ya- in front of the verb raʾā, "saw", whose hamzah (the middle letter of the root r-ʾ-y) drops out in this form. The corpus marks the verb as imperfect, its name for the present form, and third person, masculine, singular.
- فَso, then, and so
- تَأْتُcome, come to, bring (atā: he came)
- ونَyou, your (more than two)
Fa-taʾtūna is fa, "so", then taʾtu, "come", with ta- in front for "you", then ūna, the plural "you" of the second lesson. The corpus marks the verb second person, masculine, plural, and divides ūna off as the doer.
The future
Sa-, joined to the front of a present verb, says the action is still to come.
- سَwill (before a present verb, it speaks of what is to come)
- يَعْلَمُknow (ʿalima: he knew)
- ونَthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Sa-yaʿlamūna is sa, "will", then yaʿlamu, "know", the present of ʿalima from the last lesson, then ūna, "they": "they will know". You know every part of this word.
Giving
- يُؤْتِىgive (ātā: he gave)
Yuʾtī is the present of ātā, "gave". Its first vowel is u, not a: the corpus marks ātā as form IV, a pattern of the verb that the next stage of the course teaches.
In a sentence
I see the sky.
This sentence was written for practice. Arā, "I see": a-, "I", in front of the verb.
Reading
Perkataan yang anda ketahui sepenuhnya selepas pelajaran ini ditandakan.
Mengenai apa yang mereka telah lakukan.
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Nabi Nuh berkata: “Dan apalah ada kaitannya pengetahuanku dengan (pangkat dan) pekerjaan mereka?
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Pengikut-pengikut berkata (kepada ketuanya): “Sesungguhnya kamu dahulu selalu datang menyekat kami (daripada beriman) dengan menggunakan kuasa kamu”.
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Recall
- Which letter in front of a present verb means "we"?
- What does sa- do?
- In yarā, who sees?
Answers: na-; it makes the verb future; "he".
Next
The next lesson teaches "every", "thing", "between", "before", "then", "or", "when" and "that", and how two nouns are joined so that one belongs to the other.
Analisis perkataan: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)