Every thing, between, before, then, or and when
Eight common words of the Qur’ān, and the construct: two nouns joined so that the first belongs to the second.
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- Perkataan al-Quran yang diketahui sepenuhnya
- 38.7%
- Bahagian perkataan al-Quran yang sudah diajarkan
- 62.1%
Dikira daripada Quranic Arabic Corpus: sesuatu perkataan diketahui sepenuhnya apabila setiap bahagiannya sudah diajarkan. Bilangan ini menunjukkan perkataan yang telah anda temui, bukan sejauh mana anda memahaminya.
This lesson teaches eight common words: "every" and "thing"; "before", "then" and "when", for time and order; and "between", "or" and "that", for how things stand to each other. It also teaches the way Arabic joins two nouns so that the first is "of" the second.
The new words
- كُلّSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: كُلِّ · كُلَّ · كُلُّ
every, each, all
Kata akar: ك ل لKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 359
- شَىْءSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: شَىْءٍ · شَيْـًٔا · شَىْءٌ
thing
Kata akar: ش ي اKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 283
- بَيْنSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: بَيْنَ · بَيْنِ · بَّيْنَ
between
Kata akar: ب ي نKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 266
- قَبْلSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: قَبْلِ · قَبْلُ · قَبْلَ
before
Kata akar: ق ب لKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 242
- ثُمّSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: ثُمَّ
then, after that
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 338
- أَوSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: أَوْ · أَوِ · أَو
or
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 280
- إِذَاSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: إِذَا · إِذَآ · ءِذَا
when; if (most often of what is still to come)
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 409
- أَنّSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: أَنَّ · أَنِّ · إِنَّ
that (it gives weight to what follows, as inna does)
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 362
Two nouns joined
When two nouns stand together and the first is "of" the second, Arabic calls it iḍāfah. The first noun drops al- and the ending -n; the second takes the genitive ending, most often i. "Every thing" is kullu shayʾin: kullu, "every", then shayʾin, "thing", in the genitive.
Dan tiap-tiap sesuatu dari bawaan hidupnya, telah Kami hitung secara bertulis.
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0This verse opens wa-kulla shayʾin: "and every thing", with kulla in the accusative, as the corpus marks it, and shayʾin in the genitive. The second noun is always in the genitive; the first takes whatever ending its place in the sentence asks for.
- لِfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- كُلِّevery, each, all
Li-kulli is li, "for", from the first lesson, and kulli, in the genitive after it.
Then, or, when
- ثُمَّthen, after that
Thumma is "then": it joins two things and says the second comes after the first.
- أَوْor
Aw is "or".
- إِذَاwhen; if (most often of what is still to come)
Idhā is "when", most often of what is still to come. The corpus marks it as a word of time.
That
Anna is a word of its own, and works like inna from the fourth lesson: the corpus counts it among the words of inna's kind, and the word after it takes the accusative, as after inna. Where inna gives weight to a sentence, anna is "that", and makes what follows part of a longer sentence.
- أَنَّthat (it gives weight to what follows, as inna does)
- هُمthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Annahum is anna and hum, "they": "that they".
In a sentence
I work every day.
This sentence was written for practice. Kulla yawmin, "every day": kull, then the noun it belongs to, in the genitive.
Reading
Perkataan yang anda ketahui sepenuhnya selepas pelajaran ini ditandakan.
Tidakkah ia mengetahui bahawa sesungguhnya Allah melihat (segala amal perbuatannya dan membalasnya)?
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Dan kamu tidak dibalas melainkan (dengan balasan yang sepadan) dengan apa yang kamu telah kerjakan;
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Dan apabila mereka melihat orang-orang yang beriman, mereka berkata: “Sesungguhnya orang-orang itu adalah golongan yang sesat!”
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Recall
- What happens to the first of two nouns joined in an iḍāfah?
- What ending does the second noun take?
- How is "that they" written?
Answers: it drops al- and the ending -n; the genitive, most often i; annahum.
Next
The next lesson teaches the earth, the sky, the day, a people, nafs and people, and how Arabic marks a noun feminine or plural.
Analisis perkataan: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)