From, in, on, to and about
The five commonest prepositions that the Qur’ān writes as words of their own, what happens to the word after them, and how they take a pronoun.
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- Perkataan al-Quran yang diketahui sepenuhnya
- 12.9%
- Bahagian perkataan al-Quran yang sudah diajarkan
- 45.5%
Dikira daripada Quranic Arabic Corpus: sesuatu perkataan diketahui sepenuhnya apabila setiap bahagiannya sudah diajarkan. Bilangan ini menunjukkan perkataan yang telah anda temui, bukan sejauh mana anda memahaminya.
A preposition (ḥarf al-jarr) says where something is, where it goes, or what it is about. Two of the first lesson's words, bi and li, can be prepositions written as part of the next word. Arabic also has a few that stand on their own as words, and this lesson teaches the five of those the Qur’ān uses most: min, fī, ʿalā, ilā and ʿan.
The new words
- مِنSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: مِن · مِنْ · مِنَ
from, of, some of
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 3226
- فِىSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: فِى · فِي · فِىٓ
in, about
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 1701
- عَلَىٰSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: عَلَيْ · عَلَىٰ · عَلَى
on, upon, over, against
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 1445
- إِلَىٰSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: إِلَيْ · إِلَىٰ · إِلَى
to, towards, until
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 742
- عَنSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: عَنْ · عَن · عَنِ
from, away from, about
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 465
The word after a preposition
A preposition is followed by a noun, and that noun takes the ending of the genitive case. In the Qur’ān's spelling this is most often a short i at the end of the word: after min, al-baytu, "the house", becomes al-bayti.
The boy went out of the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Before al-, min takes a short vowel to join it, and is said mina: mina l-bayti, "from the house".
The book is on the desk.
ʿAlā l-maktabi, "on the desk": al-maktabu ends in i after ʿalā.
With a pronoun
A preposition can take one of the last lesson's pronouns, written as one word with it.
- فِيin, about
- هِhim, his; it, its
- عَلَيْon, upon, over, against
- هِمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
ʿAlā and ilā change their last sound before a pronoun: ʿalā with hum, "them", is ʿalayhim, and ilā with ka, "you", is ilayka. The table shows both ways the Qur’ān writes them.
In a verse
Kitab Al-Quran ini, tidak ada sebarang syak padanya (tentang datangnya dari Allah dan tentang sempurnanya); ia pula menjadi petunjuk bagi orang-orang yang (hendak) bertaqwa;
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0You know one word of this verse whole: fīhi, "in it". In its last word you know the first two parts, li and al-, written lil-; the word they join comes later in the course.
Reading
Perkataan yang anda ketahui sepenuhnya selepas pelajaran ini ditandakan.
Dan di atas binatang-binatang ternak itu, serta di atas kapal-kapal kamu diangkut.
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Dan Kami kekalkan baginya (nama yang harum) dalam kalangan orang-orang yang datang kemudian:
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0“Selepas itu kamu akan meminum pula dari air panas yang menggelegak,
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Recall
- What ending does a noun take after a preposition?
- How is min said before al-?
- What is ʿalā with the pronoun "them"?
Answers: the genitive, most often a short i; mina; ʿalayhim.
Next
The next lesson teaches the words for "no" and "not", "indeed", "except" and "that".
Analisis perkataan: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)