The pronouns that join the end of a word
The seven commonest pronouns the Qur’ān writes as part of a word, after a verb, a noun or a small word: they, you, he, we, I and she.
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- Perkataan al-Quran yang diketahui sepenuhnya
- 3.5%
- Bahagian perkataan al-Quran yang sudah diajarkan
- 39.6%
Dikira daripada Quranic Arabic Corpus: sesuatu perkataan diketahui sepenuhnya apabila setiap bahagiannya sudah diajarkan. Bilangan ini menunjukkan perkataan yang telah anda temui, bukan sejauh mana anda memahaminya.
The last lesson's words join the front of a word. This lesson's join its end. They are pronouns, the words for "they", "you", "he", "we", "I" and "she", and the Qur’ān writes them as part of the word before them.
Two of them, "they" and "you" for more than one, are among the five commonest parts of the Qur’ān's words, and "he" is among the ten commonest. With the last lesson's words, they are much of what holds a sentence together.
The new words
- وا۟Seperti yang ditulis al-Quran: وا۟ · ونَ · هُمْ
they (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 7366
- كُمْSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: كُمْ · وا۟ · ونَ
you, your (more than two)
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 4645
- هُۥSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: هُۥ · هُ · هِ
him, his; it, its
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 2727
- نَاSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: نَا · نَٰ · نَآ
we (as the doer of a verb); us, our
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 2347
- كَSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: كَ · تَ · تَّ
you, your (one man)
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 1300
- ىSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: ى · تُ · نِى
me, my; I (as the doer of a verb)
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 1239
- هَاSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: هَا · هَآ
her; it, its (for a word that is feminine)
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 1062
The corpus names each pronoun by three things: its person (the speaker, the one spoken to, or someone else), its gender and its number, in that order. "3MP" is third person, masculine, plural: "they", "them", "their". The table shows the ways the Qur’ān writes each one: a pronoun can take one shape when it is the one who does a verb's action, and another when the action is done to it or when it follows a noun.
Joined to a verb
A pronoun joined to a verb can be the one who does the action, or the one it is done to.
- أَعْطَيْ
- نَٰwe (as the doer of a verb); us, our
- كَyou, your (one man)
This one word has three parts: a verb, aʿṭā, then nā, "we", the ones who give, and then ka, "you", the one given to. In Arabic a whole sentence can be one written word.
- ٱهْدِ
- نَاwe (as the doer of a verb); us, our
Here nā is joined to a verb in the imperative, the form that tells or asks someone to do something, and it is the one the action is done to: "us".
Joined to a small word
A pronoun can also join the small words of the next lesson, the words for "in", "on" and "to".
- فِيin, about
- هِhim, his; it, its
Fīhi is fī, "in", and hi, "it": "in it". The corpus calls this pronoun third person, masculine, singular, the same pronoun as "his" and "him".
- عَلَيْon, upon, over, against
- هِمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
ʿAlayhim is ʿalā, "on", and him, "them". This pronoun is written hum or him by the sound before it; both are the same pronoun.
Joined to a noun
Joined to a noun, a pronoun says whose it is: "his", "our", "my".
Our house is near.
This sentence was written for practice. Baytunā is bayt, "house", and nā, "our".
Reading
Perkataan yang anda ketahui sepenuhnya selepas pelajaran ini ditandakan.
Kerana Allah jualah yang menguasai segala urusan akhirat dan urusan dunia.
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Oleh yang demikian, hendaklah kamu sujud kepada Allah (yang telah menurunkan Al-Quran itu), dan beribadatlah kamu kepadaNya (dengan sepenuh-penuh tauhid).
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Recall
- In the word aʿṭaynāka, which part is "we" and which is "you"?
- What does "3MP" stand for?
- In fīhi, what is hi?
Answers: nā is "we" and ka is "you"; third person, masculine, plural; the pronoun "it" (third person, masculine, singular), joined to fī.
Next
The next lesson teaches the small words of place and direction: "from", "in", "on", "to" and "about".
Analisis perkataan: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)