No, not, indeed, except and that
The small words that deny, that give a sentence weight, and that join one sentence to another: eight of the commonest words of the Qur’ān.
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- Perkataan al-Quran yang diketahui sepenuhnya
- 23.5%
- Bahagian perkataan al-Quran yang sudah diajarkan
- 52.3%
Dikira daripada Quranic Arabic Corpus: sesuatu perkataan diketahui sepenuhnya apabila setiap bahagiannya sudah diajarkan. Bilangan ini menunjukkan perkataan yang telah anda temui, bukan sejauh mana anda memahaminya.
This lesson teaches eight short words that change what a sentence says. Some deny it ("no", "not", "did not"), two give it weight ("indeed", "surely"), one leaves something out ("except"), and some join one sentence to another ("if", "that").
The new words
- لَاSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: لَا · لَّا · لَآ
no, not; do not
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 1738
- مَاSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: مَا · مَآ · مَّا
what, that which; not
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 2565
- إِنّSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: إِنَّ · إِنِّ · ءِنَّ
indeed, truly (it opens a sentence and gives it weight)
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 1682
- إِنSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: إِن · إِنْ · ئِن
if; not (in some sentences)
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 697
- إِلَّاSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: إِلَّا · إِلَّآ
except, but, only
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 663
- أَنSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: أَن · أَنْ · أَ
that; to (before a verb)
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 625
- قَدSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: قَدْ · قَدِ · قَد
surely, already (before a verb)
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 406
- لَمSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: لَمْ · لَّمْ · لَمَّا
did not (before a present verb, it denies the past)
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 353
Saying no
Lā is "no" and "not". Before a noun it can deny that there is any of a thing at all.
Kitab Al-Quran ini, tidak ada sebarang syak padanya (tentang datangnya dari Allah dan tentang sempurnanya); ia pula menjadi petunjuk bagi orang-orang yang (hendak) bertaqwa;
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0In this verse lā stands before a noun with no article, and the noun ends in a: that is how Arabic says that there is none of something.
Mā is more than one word in one spelling. Most often it means "that which" or "what", and often it means "not". The corpus gives them all the same lemma, and marks which it is in each verse.
Did not
Lam stands before a verb in its present form, and the sentence then denies the past: not "does not", but "did not".
- لَمْdid not (before a present verb, it denies the past)
“Ia tiada beranak, dan Ia pula tidak diperanakkan;
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0This verse has lam twice, the second time joined to wa, "and", from the first lesson.
Indeed
Inna opens a sentence and gives it weight. The noun or pronoun after it takes the ending of the accusative case, and a pronoun is written as one word with it.
- إِنَّindeed, truly (it opens a sentence and gives it weight)
- آwe (as the doer of a verb); us, our
Innā is inna and nā, "we", from the second lesson. The corpus writes the pronoun's part as a long ā alone: the word has only the doubled n of inna.
In, with no doubled n, is another word: "if", and in some sentences "not". Illā is "except" or "only", and an is "that", or "to" before a verb. Qad stands before a verb and makes it certain: the corpus calls it a particle of certainty. In the Qur’ān it stands almost always before a verb in its past form, where it says the thing has surely happened: "has surely", "has already".
In a sentence
I do not know.
This sentence was written for practice. Lā stands before a verb in its present form and denies it: "I do not know".
Reading
Perkataan yang anda ketahui sepenuhnya selepas pelajaran ini ditandakan.
Padahal engkau tidak bersalah kalau ia tidak mahu membersihkan dirinya (dari keingkarannya).
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Sesungguhnya engkau (wahai Muhammad adalah seorang Rasul) dari Rasul-rasul yang telah diutus,
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Maka sebenarnya kamu (wahai orang-orang musyrik), dan apa yang kamu sembah itu.
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Recall
- How does lam change the sense of a present verb?
- What ending does the noun after inna take?
- What are the two senses of mā this lesson names?
Answers: it denies the past, "did not"; the accusative; "what, that which" and "not".
Next
The next lesson teaches the words for "who", "which", "this", "that", "he" and "they", and how a question is asked.
Analisis perkataan: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)