Better than: saying more, with min
How Arabic compares two things, and eight common nouns with it, two of them given no meaning by the course.
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- Kata Al-Qur’an yang dikenal utuh
- 64,4%
- Bagian kata Al-Qur’an yang sudah diajarkan
- 78,5%
Dihitung dari Quranic Arabic Corpus: sebuah kata dikenal utuh bila setiap bagiannya sudah diajarkan. Angka-angka ini menunjukkan kata-kata yang sudah Anda temui, bukan seberapa banyak yang Anda pahami.
Arabic compares two things with a word of comparison, then min from lesson 3. This lesson teaches that, and eight common nouns, two of which are themselves words of comparison.
The new words
- خَيْرSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: خَيْرٌ · خَيْرًا · خَيْرُ
good; better
Akar kata: خ ي رKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 178
- أَكْثَرSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: أَكْثَرَ · أَكْثَرُ · أَكْثَرِ
more, most
Akar kata: ك ث رKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 80
- أَحَدSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: أَحَدٍ · أَحَدًا · أَحَدٌ
Artinya tidak diberikan di sini: kata ini membawa agama, dan maknanya dibaca dalam ayat-ayat, dengan artinya di sampingnya.
Akar kata: ا ح دKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 74
- مِثْلSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: مِثْلَ · مِّثْلُ · مِثْلِ
like, the like of
Akar kata: م ث لKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 75
- مَثَلSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: مَثَلُ · مَثَلًا · مَثَلِ
likeness, example
Akar kata: م ث لKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 88
- عَمَلSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: أَعْمَٰلَ · أَعْمَٰلُ · عَمَلِ
deed, work
Akar kata: ع م لKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 71
- أَجْرSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: أَجْرًا · أَجْرَ · أَجْرٌ
wage, reward
Akar kata: ا ج رKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 105
- فَضْلSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: فَضْلِ · فَضْلُ · فَضْلٍ
Artinya tidak diberikan di sini: kata ini membawa agama, dan maknanya dibaca dalam ayat-ayat, dengan artinya di sampingnya.
Akar kata: ف ض لKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 84
Two of them, aḥad and faḍl, carry the religion in the Qur’ān's use of them: the course gives no meaning of its own for either, and you read them in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
Better than
Khayr is "good" and, when it compares with min, "better".
3. Malam kemuliaan itu lebih baik daripada seribu bulan.
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3Khayrun is the third word of this verse, and min is the fourth: khayrun min, "better than". The corpus marks khayr masculine singular and nominative, with tanwīn, and marks laylah, the noun it is said of, feminine: compared with min, it stays masculine singular.
This house is better than that one.
This sentence was written for practice. Hādhā l-baytu khayrun min dhālika: "this house", then "better than", then "that one".
A pattern for more
The usual word of comparison is built on a pattern with a- in front of the root: a before the first letter, and a between the last two. From the root k-th-r, of kathīr in lesson 21, comes akthar: "more" and "most".
- أَكْثَرُmore, most
- هُمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Aktharuhum is akthar and hum: "most of them". The corpus marks it masculine singular, nominative. Before min, akthar is "more"; with a pronoun joined to it, as here, it is "most", and no min follows.
A word read in the verses
- أَحَدٌ
Aḥadun: the corpus marks it indefinite, nominative. Lam, from lesson 4, is two words before it in the verse.
Like, as a noun
Lesson 10 taught ka-, "like", joined to the front of a word. Mithl says the same as a noun of its own, and joins what follows as an iḍāfah or takes a pronoun.
- مِثْلُlike, the like of
- هَاher; it, its (for a word that is feminine)
Mithluhā is mithlu and hā, "it" or "her". The corpus marks mithl masculine, nominative.
Mathal is another noun from the same root, m-th-l: "a likeness" or "an example".
- مَثَلُlikeness, example
Mathalu: the corpus marks it nominative. It has no tanwīn, because it is the first noun of an iḍāfah.
Three nouns
ʿAmal, "deed" or "work", is the noun of ʿamila from lesson 7.
- أَعْمَٰلَdeed, work
- هُمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Aʿmālahum is aʿmāla and hum: the corpus gives it the lemma ʿamal, and marks it masculine plural, accusative. It is a broken plural.
- أَجْرٌwage, reward
Ajrun, indefinite and nominative.
- فَضْلُ
Faḍlu, nominative, with no tanwīn: it is the first noun of an iḍāfah.
Reading
Kata-kata yang Anda kenal utuh setelah pelajaran ini ditandai.
3. Dan manusia bertanya, “Apa yang terjadi pada bumi ini?”
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.31. Katakanlah (Muhammad), “Dialah Allah, Yang Maha Esa.
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.377. Sungguh, pada yang demikian itu benar-benar terdapat tanda (kekuasaan Allah) bagi orang yang beriman.
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3Recall
- Which small word follows a word of comparison when it compares two things?
- What pattern does akthar have?
- What is mithl, beside ka-?
Answers: min; a- in front of the root, and a between its last two letters; a noun, where ka- is joined to the word after it.
Next
The last lesson of this stage teaches how a sentence with a verb is ordered, and eight more words read in the verses.
Analisis kata: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)