She, I, which: the small words still to come
Eight small words the Qur’ān uses often, and how some of them work with a verb, a noun or what comes after them.
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- Kata Al-Qur’an yang dikenal utuh
- 63,4%
- Bagian kata Al-Qur’an yang sudah diajarkan
- 77,9%
Dihitung dari Quranic Arabic Corpus: sebuah kata dikenal utuh bila setiap bagiannya sudah diajarkan. Angka-angka ini menunjukkan kata-kata yang sudah Anda temui, bukan seberapa banyak yang Anda pahami.
Most of the small words were taught in the first lessons. These are eight of the commonest still to come. None of them is hard, and each has a job of its own in the sentence.
The new words
- أَيُّهَاSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: أَيُّهَا · أَيُّهَ · أَيُّهَآ
said after "O" before a noun with al-
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 153
- هِىَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: هِىَ
she; it
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 63
- أَنَا۠Sebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: أَنَا۠
I
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 61
- أَىّSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: أَىِّ · أَيُّ · أَىُّ
which
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 60
- أَمَّاSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: أَمَّا · أَمَّآ
as for
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 55
- أَلَآSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: أَلَآ · أَلَا
opens a sentence, calling attention
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 39
- سَوْفSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: سَوْفَ
will (of the future)
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 42
- لَٰكِنّSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: لَٰكِنَّ
but
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 57
She and I
Lesson 5 taught huwa and lesson 13 anta. Hiya is "she", or "it" for a thing the language calls feminine. Anā is "I". Each stands on its own.
- هِىَshe; it
Hiya. The corpus marks it third person, feminine, singular.
- أَنَا۠I
Anā. The corpus marks it first person, singular. The Qur’ān's spelling writes an alif at its end; how that alif is sounded is taught in the library's Tajwīd title.
She is in the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Hiya fī l-bayti: "she", then where she is, and no word for "is".
Ayyuhā
Lesson 10 taught yā, "O". Before a noun with al-, Arabic as a rule puts ayyuhā between them, or ayyatuhā if the noun is feminine; it has no meaning of its own to translate.
- يَٰٓO (calling someone)
- أَيُّهَاsaid after "O" before a noun with al-
In the Qur’ān's spelling yā-ayyuhā is written as one word, with yā and ayyuhā. The noun after it is in the nominative.
Which
Ayy is "which". In the two words here it asks, and it is the first part of an iḍāfah: the word after it, or the pronoun joined to it, is the second.
- لِfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- أَىِّwhich
Li-ayyi is li and ayyi, in the genitive after it. The next word, yawmin, is in the genitive too, as the second noun of the iḍāfah.
- بِwith, by, in
- أَييِّwhich
- كُمُyou, your (more than two)
Bi-ayyikumu is bi, then ayyi, in the genitive after it, then kumu, "you", joined to it as the second part: "which of you".
As for
Ammā is "as for": it sets something out on its own, and what is said of it follows with fa.
6. Maka adapun orang yang berat timbangan (kebaikan)nya,
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3The verse opens with fa, then ammā. The sentence ammā begins finishes in the verse after it, which opens with fa-.
Sawfa
Sawfa, like sa- from lesson 7, puts a present verb in the future. It is a word of its own, not joined to the next.
- سَوْفَwill (of the future)
Sawfa: the corpus calls it a particle of the future. The word after it is the present of ʿalima, taʿlamūna: "you will know".
Alā
Alā opens a sentence and calls attention to it. The corpus marks it as a particle of beginning.
- أَلَآopens a sentence, calling attention
Alā: it stands at the head of what follows.
Lākinna
Lesson 16 taught lākin, "but", with a single n. Lākinna, with the doubled n, works like inna: the noun after it takes the accusative, and a pronoun is joined to it.
- وَand
- لَٰكِنَّbut
- كُمْyou, your (more than two)
Wa-lākinnakum is wa, then lākinna, then kum, "you", joined to it as to inna.
In a sentence
I am here.
This sentence was written for practice. Anā hunā: "I", then "here", and no verb between them, as lesson 13 did with naḥnu.
Reading
Kata-kata yang Anda kenal utuh setelah pelajaran ini ditandai.
170. Tetapi ternyata mereka mengingkarinya (Al-Qur`ān); maka kelak mereka akan mengetahui (akibat keingkarannya itu).
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.318. Dari apakah Dia (Allah) menciptakannya?
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.38. Bukankah Kami telah menjadikan untuknya sepasang mata,
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3Recall
- What goes between yā and a noun with al-?
- What is joined to the front of what is said after ammā?
- How does lākinna change the noun after it?
Answers: ayyuhā; fa; it puts it in the accusative.
Next
The next lesson teaches how to say "better than", and eight common nouns.
Analisis kata: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)