Names: one ending for two cases
Eight of the commonest names of the Qur’ān, the ending that sets many of them apart from most other nouns, and which names show it.
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- Kata Al-Qur’an yang dikenal utuh
- 62,8%
- Bagian kata Al-Qur’an yang sudah diajarkan
- 77,5%
Dihitung dari Quranic Arabic Corpus: sebuah kata dikenal utuh bila setiap bagiannya sudah diajarkan. Angka-angka ini menunjukkan kata-kata yang sudah Anda temui, bukan seberapa banyak yang Anda pahami.
Most names are definite simply by being names: they take no al-, and the corpus marks them as proper nouns. Many of the Qur’ān's names also do something most other nouns do not. This lesson teaches that, with eight of the names the Qur’ān uses most. The course gives a person's name as it is said, and says nothing of who the person was: that is read in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
The new words
- مُوسَىٰSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: مُوسَىٰ · مُوسَىٰٓ · مُوسَى
Mūsā, a name
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 136
- فِرْعَوْنSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: فِرْعَوْنَ · فِرْعَوْنُ
Firʿawn, a name
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 74
- إِبْرَاهِيمSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: إِبْرَٰهِيمَ · إِبْرَٰهِۦمَ · إِبْرَٰهِيمُ
Ibrāhīm, a name
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 69
- إِسْرَائِيلSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ · إِسْرَٰٓءِيلُ
Isrāʾīl, a name
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 43
- نُوحSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: نُوحٍ · نُوحًا · نُوحٌ
Nūḥ, a name
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 43
- مَرْيَمSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: مَرْيَمَ · مَرْيَمُ
Maryam, a name
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 34
- قُرْءَانSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: قُرْءَانَ · قُرْءَانِ · قُرْءَانُ
Artinya tidak diberikan di sini: kata ini membawa agama, dan maknanya dibaca dalam ayat-ayat, dengan artinya di sampingnya.
Akar kata: ق ر اKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 70
- جَهَنَّمSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: جَهَنَّمَ · جَهَنَّمُ
Artinya tidak diberikan di sini: kata ini membawa agama, dan maknanya dibaca dalam ayat-ayat, dengan artinya di sampingnya.
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 77
Two of them, al-qurʾān and jahannam, carry the religion: the course gives no meaning of its own for either, and you read them in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
No tanwīn, and -a for the genitive
Most of these names take no tanwīn, and have one ending, -a, for both the accusative and the genitive. In the nominative they end in -u as other nouns do. Grammar calls such a noun mamnūʿ min aṣ-ṣarf, "kept from a part of its endings".
- فِرْعَوْنُFirʿawn, a name
Firʿawnu: the corpus marks it nominative, and it ends in u.
- فِرْعَوْنَFirʿawn, a name
Firʿawna: the corpus marks it genitive, after ilā, and it ends in a.
- وَand
- إِبْرَٰهِيمَIbrāhīm, a name
Wa-ibrāhīma is wa and ibrāhīma: the corpus marks this one accusative.
- وَand
- إِبْرَٰهِيمَIbrāhīm, a name
Wa-ibrāhīma again, and the same a: the corpus marks this one genitive. The word is written alike, and the sentence tells you its case.
- إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَIsrāʾīl, a name
Isrāʾīla, genitive, with a.
- مَرْيَمَMaryam, a name
Maryama, genitive, with a.
- وَand
- مَرْيَمَMaryam, a name
Wa-maryama, accusative, with a.
- جَهَنَّمَ
Jahannama, genitive, with a.
Mūsā
A name ending in a long -ā shows no case at all.
- مُوسَىٰMūsā, a name
Mūsā: the corpus marks it nominative.
- وَand
- مُوسَىٰMūsā, a name
Wa-mūsā: the corpus marks it genitive, and it is written the same.
19. (yaitu) kitab-kitab Ibrahim dan Musa.
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3In this verse the two stand side by side, joined by wa. Ibrāhīma shows the genitive with a, and mūsā shows nothing.
Nūḥ: a short name
A short name of three letters with a long vowel in the middle may take its endings as other nouns do, with tanwīn. Nūḥ is one.
- نُوحٌNūḥ, a name
Nūḥun: nominative.
- نُوحًاNūḥ, a name
Nūḥan: accusative.
- نُوحٍNūḥ, a name
Nūḥin: genitive.
Lesson 24 taught tanwīn as the ending of a noun that is not definite. This one does not make the name indefinite: the corpus marks none of these three as indefinite.
With al-
Qurʾān takes al- in most of its places, and then it has the three endings of any noun with al-, -u, -a and -i.
- ٱلْthe
- قُرْءَانُ
Al-qurʾānu: the corpus marks it as a proper noun, nominative.
- قُرْءَانٌ
Qurʾānun, with no al- and with tanwīn: the corpus marks it as a proper noun, and here it does mark it indefinite.
Reading
Kata-kata yang Anda kenal utuh setelah pelajaran ini ditandai.
19. Dia (Allah) berfirman, “Lemparkanlah ia, wahai Musa!”
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.317. “Dan apakah yang ada di tangan kananmu, wahai Musa?”
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.349. Dia (Fir'aun) berkata, “Siapakah Tuhanmu berdua, wahai Musa?”
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3Recall
- Which ending do most of these names have in the genitive?
- Why does Mūsā show no case?
- Which two names of this lesson take tanwīn?
Answers: -a; it ends in a long -ā; Nūḥ and Qurʾān.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight more small words: "she", "I", "which" and others.
Analisis kata: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)