You, we and they, and the dual
The pronouns that stand on their own as the subject of a sentence, and how Arabic speaks of two.
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- Kata Al-Qur’an yang dikenal utuh
- 45,5%
- Bagian kata Al-Qur’an yang sudah diajarkan
- 67%
Dihitung dari Quranic Arabic Corpus: sebuah kata dikenal utuh bila setiap bagiannya sudah diajarkan. Angka-angka ini menunjukkan kata-kata yang sudah Anda temui, bukan seberapa banyak yang Anda pahami.
Lesson 5 taught huwa, "he", and hum, "they", standing on their own. This lesson teaches the others the Qur’ān uses most: "you", one man and more than two, and "we". It also teaches the dual: Arabic has a number of its own for two.
The new words
- أَنتَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: أَنتَ
you (one man)
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 81
- أَنتُمْSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: أَنتُمْ
you (more than two)
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 102
- نَحْنُSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: نَحْنُ
we
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 76
- هُمSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: هُم
they
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 148
- هُمَاSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: هُمَا · هُمَآ · هِمَا
they two, the two of them
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 101
- كُمَاSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: كُمَا · انِ · ا
you two
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 98
- اSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: ا · هُمَا · انِ
they two, the two of them (men, or things called masculine)
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 115
A sentence with no verb
A pronoun standing on its own is most often the subject of its sentence. Where what is said of it is a noun or a phrase, the sentence has no verb: "you are …", "we are …". Arabic needs no word for "is" in such a sentence.
- أَنتَyou (one man)
Anta is "you", one man, standing on its own.
- أَنتُمْyou (more than two)
Antum is "you", more than two.
The table counts hum apart from lesson 5's hum: in some places the muṣḥaf writes it without the mark of a silent letter (the sukūn) on its m, and the corpus counts each spelling as a unit of its own. They are the same pronoun, and this hum comes after li, as in lesson 12, more often than it stands on its own: lahum, "for them".
Two
For two people or things, Arabic uses the dual. A pronoun of the dual ends in -ā: humā, "the two of them", kumā, "you two".
- بَيْنَbetween
- هُمَاthey two, the two of them
Baynahumā is bayna, "between", from lesson 8, and humā, "the two of them".
A verb whose doer is two ends in -ā as well in the past, and in -āni in the present; the corpus divides these endings off as pronouns of the dual. A noun in the dual ends in -āni, or -ayni in the genitive and accusative.
In a sentence
We are here.
This sentence was written for practice. Naḥnu hunā: "we", then "here", and no verb between them.
Reading
Kata-kata yang Anda kenal utuh setelah pelajaran ini ditandai.
52. Orang-orang yang telah Kami berikan kepada mereka Al-Kitab sebelum Al-Qur`ān, mereka beriman (pula) kepadanya (Al-Qur`ān).
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.317. Kemudian, dikatakan (kepada mereka), “Inilah (azab) yang dahulu kamu dustakan.”
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.350. Sungguh, inilah azab yang dahulu kamu ragukan.
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3Recall
- Does a sentence like "we are here" need a verb in Arabic?
- What is "you" for more than two?
- How does a pronoun of the dual end?
Answers: no; antum; in -ā, as humā.
Next
The next lesson teaches "those", "after", "at", "with", "some", "other than", "until" and "below", and the noun after them.
Analisis kata: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)