Better than: saying more, with min
How Arabic compares two things, and eight common nouns with it, two of them given no meaning by the course.
AI ne ya rubuta kuma ya duba
AI ne ya rubuta waɗannan darussa kuma ya duba su, kuma har yanzu babu wani malamin Larabci da ya karanta su. Ayoyin, da ma’anoninsu da nazarin kowace kalma an ɗauko su daga tushensu, waɗanda aka ambata a inda aka nuna su.
An rubuta wannan darasi da Turanci da Bengali kawai, don haka ana nuna shi a nan da Turanci.
- Kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka sani gaba ɗaya
- 64.4%
- Sassan kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka koyar zuwa yanzu
- 78.5%
An ƙidaya daga Quranic Arabic Corpus: an san kalma gaba ɗaya idan an koyar da kowane sashe nata. Ƙididdigar tana faɗin kalmomin da kuka haɗu da su, ba yawan abin da kuka fahimta ba.
Arabic compares two things with a word of comparison, then min from lesson 3. This lesson teaches that, and eight common nouns, two of which are themselves words of comparison.
The new words
- خَيْرYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: خَيْرٌ · خَيْرًا · خَيْرُ
good; better
Tushe: خ ي رAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 178
- أَكْثَرYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: أَكْثَرَ · أَكْثَرُ · أَكْثَرِ
more, most
Tushe: ك ث رAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 80
- أَحَدYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: أَحَدٍ · أَحَدًا · أَحَدٌ
Ba a ba da ma’ana a nan ba: wannan kalma tana ɗauke da addini, kuma ana karanta ma’anarta a cikin ayoyi, tare da ma’ana a gefensu.
Tushe: ا ح دAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 74
- مِثْلYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: مِثْلَ · مِّثْلُ · مِثْلِ
like, the like of
Tushe: م ث لAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 75
- مَثَلYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: مَثَلُ · مَثَلًا · مَثَلِ
likeness, example
Tushe: م ث لAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 88
- عَمَلYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: أَعْمَٰلَ · أَعْمَٰلُ · عَمَلِ
deed, work
Tushe: ع م لAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 71
- أَجْرYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: أَجْرًا · أَجْرَ · أَجْرٌ
wage, reward
Tushe: ا ج رAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 105
- فَضْلYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: فَضْلِ · فَضْلُ · فَضْلٍ
Ba a ba da ma’ana a nan ba: wannan kalma tana ɗauke da addini, kuma ana karanta ma’anarta a cikin ayoyi, tare da ma’ana a gefensu.
Tushe: ف ض لAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 84
Two of them, aḥad and faḍl, carry the religion in the Qur’ān's use of them: the course gives no meaning of its own for either, and you read them in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
Better than
Khayr is "good" and, when it compares with min, "better".
Lailatul ¡adari mafi alheri ne daga wasu watanni dubu.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Khayrun is the third word of this verse, and min is the fourth: khayrun min, "better than". The corpus marks khayr masculine singular and nominative, with tanwīn, and marks laylah, the noun it is said of, feminine: compared with min, it stays masculine singular.
This house is better than that one.
This sentence was written for practice. Hādhā l-baytu khayrun min dhālika: "this house", then "better than", then "that one".
A pattern for more
The usual word of comparison is built on a pattern with a- in front of the root: a before the first letter, and a between the last two. From the root k-th-r, of kathīr in lesson 21, comes akthar: "more" and "most".
- أَكْثَرُmore, most
- هُمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Aktharuhum is akthar and hum: "most of them". The corpus marks it masculine singular, nominative. Before min, akthar is "more"; with a pronoun joined to it, as here, it is "most", and no min follows.
A word read in the verses
- أَحَدٌ
Aḥadun: the corpus marks it indefinite, nominative. Lam, from lesson 4, is two words before it in the verse.
Like, as a noun
Lesson 10 taught ka-, "like", joined to the front of a word. Mithl says the same as a noun of its own, and joins what follows as an iḍāfah or takes a pronoun.
- مِثْلُlike, the like of
- هَاher; it, its (for a word that is feminine)
Mithluhā is mithlu and hā, "it" or "her". The corpus marks mithl masculine, nominative.
Mathal is another noun from the same root, m-th-l: "a likeness" or "an example".
- مَثَلُlikeness, example
Mathalu: the corpus marks it nominative. It has no tanwīn, because it is the first noun of an iḍāfah.
Three nouns
ʿAmal, "deed" or "work", is the noun of ʿamila from lesson 7.
- أَعْمَٰلَdeed, work
- هُمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Aʿmālahum is aʿmāla and hum: the corpus gives it the lemma ʿamal, and marks it masculine plural, accusative. It is a broken plural.
- أَجْرٌwage, reward
Ajrun, indefinite and nominative.
- فَضْلُ
Faḍlu, nominative, with no tanwīn: it is the first noun of an iḍāfah.
Reading
An sa alama a kan kalmomin da kuka sani gaba ɗaya bayan wannan darasi.
Kuma mutum ya ce "Mẽ neya same ta?"
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2"Ka ce: "Shi ne Allah Makaɗaĩci."
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Lalle ne a cikin wancan akwai ãyã ga mãsu ĩmãni.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Recall
- Which small word follows a word of comparison when it compares two things?
- What pattern does akthar have?
- What is mithl, beside ka-?
Answers: min; a- in front of the root, and a between its last two letters; a noun, where ka- is joined to the word after it.
Next
The last lesson of this stage teaches how a sentence with a verb is ordered, and eight more words read in the verses.
Nazarin kalmomi: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)