Names: one ending for two cases
Eight of the commonest names of the Qur’ān, the ending that sets many of them apart from most other nouns, and which names show it.
AI ne ya rubuta kuma ya duba
AI ne ya rubuta waɗannan darussa kuma ya duba su, kuma har yanzu babu wani malamin Larabci da ya karanta su. Ayoyin, da ma’anoninsu da nazarin kowace kalma an ɗauko su daga tushensu, waɗanda aka ambata a inda aka nuna su.
An rubuta wannan darasi da Turanci da Bengali kawai, don haka ana nuna shi a nan da Turanci.
- Kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka sani gaba ɗaya
- 62.8%
- Sassan kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka koyar zuwa yanzu
- 77.5%
An ƙidaya daga Quranic Arabic Corpus: an san kalma gaba ɗaya idan an koyar da kowane sashe nata. Ƙididdigar tana faɗin kalmomin da kuka haɗu da su, ba yawan abin da kuka fahimta ba.
Most names are definite simply by being names: they take no al-, and the corpus marks them as proper nouns. Many of the Qur’ān's names also do something most other nouns do not. This lesson teaches that, with eight of the names the Qur’ān uses most. The course gives a person's name as it is said, and says nothing of who the person was: that is read in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
The new words
- مُوسَىٰYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: مُوسَىٰ · مُوسَىٰٓ · مُوسَى
Mūsā, a name
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 136
- فِرْعَوْنYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: فِرْعَوْنَ · فِرْعَوْنُ
Firʿawn, a name
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 74
- إِبْرَاهِيمYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: إِبْرَٰهِيمَ · إِبْرَٰهِۦمَ · إِبْرَٰهِيمُ
Ibrāhīm, a name
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 69
- إِسْرَائِيلYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ · إِسْرَٰٓءِيلُ
Isrāʾīl, a name
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 43
- نُوحYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: نُوحٍ · نُوحًا · نُوحٌ
Nūḥ, a name
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 43
- مَرْيَمYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: مَرْيَمَ · مَرْيَمُ
Maryam, a name
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 34
- قُرْءَانYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: قُرْءَانَ · قُرْءَانِ · قُرْءَانُ
Ba a ba da ma’ana a nan ba: wannan kalma tana ɗauke da addini, kuma ana karanta ma’anarta a cikin ayoyi, tare da ma’ana a gefensu.
Tushe: ق ر اAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 70
- جَهَنَّمYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: جَهَنَّمَ · جَهَنَّمُ
Ba a ba da ma’ana a nan ba: wannan kalma tana ɗauke da addini, kuma ana karanta ma’anarta a cikin ayoyi, tare da ma’ana a gefensu.
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 77
Two of them, al-qurʾān and jahannam, carry the religion: the course gives no meaning of its own for either, and you read them in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
No tanwīn, and -a for the genitive
Most of these names take no tanwīn, and have one ending, -a, for both the accusative and the genitive. In the nominative they end in -u as other nouns do. Grammar calls such a noun mamnūʿ min aṣ-ṣarf, "kept from a part of its endings".
- فِرْعَوْنُFirʿawn, a name
Firʿawnu: the corpus marks it nominative, and it ends in u.
- فِرْعَوْنَFirʿawn, a name
Firʿawna: the corpus marks it genitive, after ilā, and it ends in a.
- وَand
- إِبْرَٰهِيمَIbrāhīm, a name
Wa-ibrāhīma is wa and ibrāhīma: the corpus marks this one accusative.
- وَand
- إِبْرَٰهِيمَIbrāhīm, a name
Wa-ibrāhīma again, and the same a: the corpus marks this one genitive. The word is written alike, and the sentence tells you its case.
- إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَIsrāʾīl, a name
Isrāʾīla, genitive, with a.
- مَرْيَمَMaryam, a name
Maryama, genitive, with a.
- وَand
- مَرْيَمَMaryam, a name
Wa-maryama, accusative, with a.
- جَهَنَّمَ
Jahannama, genitive, with a.
Mūsā
A name ending in a long -ā shows no case at all.
- مُوسَىٰMūsā, a name
Mūsā: the corpus marks it nominative.
- وَand
- مُوسَىٰMūsā, a name
Wa-mūsā: the corpus marks it genitive, and it is written the same.
Littaffan Ibrãhĩm da Mũsã.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2In this verse the two stand side by side, joined by wa. Ibrāhīma shows the genitive with a, and mūsā shows nothing.
Nūḥ: a short name
A short name of three letters with a long vowel in the middle may take its endings as other nouns do, with tanwīn. Nūḥ is one.
- نُوحٌNūḥ, a name
Nūḥun: nominative.
- نُوحًاNūḥ, a name
Nūḥan: accusative.
- نُوحٍNūḥ, a name
Nūḥin: genitive.
Lesson 24 taught tanwīn as the ending of a noun that is not definite. This one does not make the name indefinite: the corpus marks none of these three as indefinite.
With al-
Qurʾān takes al- in most of its places, and then it has the three endings of any noun with al-, -u, -a and -i.
- ٱلْthe
- قُرْءَانُ
Al-qurʾānu: the corpus marks it as a proper noun, nominative.
- قُرْءَانٌ
Qurʾānun, with no al- and with tanwīn: the corpus marks it as a proper noun, and here it does mark it indefinite.
Reading
An sa alama a kan kalmomin da kuka sani gaba ɗaya bayan wannan darasi.
Ya ce: "Ka yi jĩfa da ĩta, yã Mũsã!"
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2"Kuma wãce ce waccan ga dãmanka yã Mũsa!"
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Ya ce: "To, wãne ne Ubangijinku? Ya Mũsã!"
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Recall
- Which ending do most of these names have in the genitive?
- Why does Mūsā show no case?
- Which two names of this lesson take tanwīn?
Answers: -a; it ends in a long -ā; Nūḥ and Qurʾān.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight more small words: "she", "I", "which" and others.
Nazarin kalmomi: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)