Brother, father, owner: a case shown with a long vowel
Family words, and three nouns that show their case with a long vowel before what follows them.
AI ne ya rubuta kuma ya duba
AI ne ya rubuta waɗannan darussa kuma ya duba su, kuma har yanzu babu wani malamin Larabci da ya karanta su. Ayoyin, da ma’anoninsu da nazarin kowace kalma an ɗauko su daga tushensu, waɗanda aka ambata a inda aka nuna su.
An rubuta wannan darasi da Turanci da Bengali kawai, don haka ana nuna shi a nan da Turanci.
- Kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka sani gaba ɗaya
- 59.6%
- Sassan kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka koyar zuwa yanzu
- 75.6%
An ƙidaya daga Quranic Arabic Corpus: an san kalma gaba ɗaya idan an koyar da kowane sashe nata. Ƙididdigar tana faɗin kalmomin da kuka haɗu da su, ba yawan abin da kuka fahimta ba.
Most nouns show their case with a short vowel at the end. A few short nouns show it with a long one when they are joined to what follows. This lesson teaches three of them, with five more words for people.
The new words
- أَخYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: أَخَا · أَخِي · إِخْوَٰنِ
brother
Tushe: ا خ وAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 75
- أَبٌYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: أَبِي · أَبَا · أَبَتِ
father
Tushe: ا ب وAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 46
- ذُوYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: ذُو · ذِى · ذَاتِ
owner of, having
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 93
- آبَاءYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: ءَابَآؤُ · ءَابَآءَ · ءَابَآئِ
fathers, forefathers
Tushe: ا ب وAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 64
- ٱبْنYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: ٱبْنَ · أَبْنَآءَ · ٱبْنُ
son
Tushe: ب ن يAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 63
- زَوْجYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: أَزْوَٰجِ · أَزْوَٰجًا · أَزْوَٰجَ
spouse, one of a pair
Tushe: ز و جAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 76
- نِسَآءYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: نِّسَآءِ · نِسَآءَ · نِّسَآءَ
women
Tushe: ن س وAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 59
- إِنسَٰنYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: إِنسَٰنُ · إِنسَٰنَ · إِنسَٰنِ
human being
Tushe: ا ن سAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 71
u, a, i made long
Akh, "brother", and ab, "father", take a long vowel at the end when a word or a pronoun follows, and dhū, "owner of", when a word follows: ū in the nominative, ā in the accusative, ī in the genitive. With -ī, "my", there is no such ending: it takes the ending's place, as lesson 14 showed in abī, so akhī serves in every case.
- وَand
- أَخُوbrother
- هُhim, his; it, its
Wa-akhūhu is wa, then akhū, then hu, "his". The corpus marks akhū nominative.
- أَخَاbrother
Akhā, and the corpus marks it accusative. The word after it is the second noun of an iḍāfah, as lesson 8 taught.
- أَخِيbrother
- هِhim, his; it, its
Akhīhi is akhī and hi. The corpus marks akhī genitive; after ī, the pronoun hu is said hi, as lesson 12 taught.
- أَبِىfather
Abī, the same ending on ab: the corpus marks it genitive. Here ī is the ending and not "my": the corpus shows no pronoun on it. The word after it is the second noun of the iḍāfah.
Dhū
Dhū does not stand alone: it is the first noun of an iḍāfah, and says that someone or something has what follows it.
- ذُوowner of, having
Dhū, nominative.
- ذَا
Dhā, accusative. The corpus gives this form a lemma of its own, dhā, and does not count it under dhū.
- ذِىowner of, having
Dhī, genitive, and the corpus gives it the lemma dhū again. In all three the ending follows the case, as it does on akh and ab.
In a sentence
Three sentences written for practice show the same noun in three cases.
Your brother is in the house.
Akhūka: nominative, the subject of the sentence.
I saw your brother.
Akhāka: accusative, the one seen.
I went with your brother.
Akhīka: genitive, after maʿa.
More words for people
Ābāʾ, abnāʾ and azwāj are broken plurals, the kind lesson 9 explained.
- وَand
- ءَابَآؤُfathers, forefathers
- كُمyou, your (more than two)
Wa-ābāʾukum is wa, then ābāʾu, then kum, "your". Ābāʾ is taught as a word of its own, because the corpus gives it a lemma of its own beside ab, and marks it masculine plural.
- أَبْنَآءَson
- هُمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Abnāʾahum is abnāʾa and hum, "their". The corpus gives it the lemma ibn, "son", and marks it masculine plural.
- أَزْوَٰجًاspouse, one of a pair
Azwājan: the corpus gives it the lemma zawj, and marks it masculine plural.
- ٱلthe
- نِّسَآءَwomen
An-nisāʾa is al- and nisāʾ. The corpus marks it feminine plural. It has no singular from the same root.
- ٱلْthe
- إِنسَٰنُhuman being
Al-insānu is al- and insān, and the corpus marks it masculine, nominative.
Reading
An sa alama a kan kalmomin da kuka sani gaba ɗaya bayan wannan darasi.
Lalle Mũ, kamar haka Muke aikatãwa game, da mãsu laifi.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Ku mayar da shi (cikin jikinsa) har idan kun kasance mãsu gaskiya.[1]
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2To, mutum ya dũba, daga mẽ aka halittã shi?
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Recall
- Which long vowel does akh take in the accusative?
- What is the first noun of an iḍāfah that says someone has something?
- What lemma does the corpus give abnāʾ?
Answers: ā, akhā; dhū; ibn.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight nouns of the world around us, and how a noun is made definite.
Nazarin kalmomi: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)