The forms of a verb, the passive, and eight more verbs
Eight more common verbs, the passive, and the derived forms of a verb as the corpus marks them.
AI ne ya rubuta kuma ya duba
AI ne ya rubuta waɗannan darussa kuma ya duba su, kuma har yanzu babu wani malamin Larabci da ya karanta su. Ayoyin, da ma’anoninsu da nazarin kowace kalma an ɗauko su daga tushensu, waɗanda aka ambata a inda aka nuna su.
An rubuta wannan darasi da Turanci da Bengali kawai, don haka ana nuna shi a nan da Turanci.
- Kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka sani gaba ɗaya
- 51.7%
- Sassan kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka koyar zuwa yanzu
- 70.7%
An ƙidaya daga Quranic Arabic Corpus: an san kalma gaba ɗaya idan an koyar da kowane sashe nata. Ƙididdigar tana faɗin kalmomin da kuka haɗu da su, ba yawan abin da kuka fahimta ba.
A root can make more than one verb. Arabic builds them on a few patterns, which grammars written in English call forms and number I to X. The corpus marks each verb's form. This lesson teaches eight verbs, several of them in forms other than the first, and the passive.
The new words
- ٱتَّخَذَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: ٱتَّخَذُ · ٱتَّخَذَ · تَتَّخِذُ
take for oneself, adopt (ittakhadha: he took)
Tushe: ا خ ذAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 124
- ظَلَمَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: ظَلَمُ · يَظْلِمُ · يُظْلَمُ
wrong, do wrong (ẓalama: he wronged)
Tushe: ظ ل مAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 110
- كَذَّبَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: كَذَّبُ · تُكَذِّبَ · كَذَّبَ
Ba a ba da ma’ana a nan ba: wannan kalma tana ɗauke da addini, kuma ana karanta ma’anarta a cikin ayoyi, tare da ma’ana a gefensu.
Tushe: ك ذ بAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 176
- أَخْرَجَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: أَخْرَجَ · يُخْرِجُ · أَخْرَجْ
bring out (akhraja: he brought out)
Tushe: خ ر جAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 99
- قَتَلَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: تَقْتُلُ · يَقْتُلُ · ٱقْتُلُ
kill (qatala: he killed)
Tushe: ق ت لAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 83
- رَجَعَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: تُرْجَعُ · يَرْجِعُ · يُرْجَعُ
return, go back (rajaʿa: he returned)
Tushe: ر ج عAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 79
- وَعَدَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: وَعَدَ · تُوعَدُ · يُوعَدُ
promise (waʿada: he promised)
Tushe: و ع دAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 70
- تَوَلَّىٰYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: تَوَلَّ · تَوَلَّىٰ · يَتَوَلَّ
turn away (tawallā: he turned away)
Tushe: و ل يAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 78
One of them, kadhdhaba, carries the religion in the Qur’ān's use of it: the course gives no meaning of its own for it, and you read it in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
Forms of a verb
- فَso, then, and so
- كَذَّبَ
Kadhdhaba doubles the middle letter of its root, k-dh-b. The corpus marks it as form II.
- وَand
- أَخْرَجَbring out (akhraja: he brought out)
Akhraja, "brought out", puts a- in front of the root kh-r-j. The corpus marks it as form IV, the form of arāda from the last lesson.
- وَand
- تَوَلَّىٰٓturn away (tawallā: he turned away)
Tawallā, "turned away", has ta- in front and a doubled middle letter. The corpus marks it as form V.
- ٱتَّخَذَtake for oneself, adopt (ittakhadha: he took)
Ittakhadha, "took for himself", has i- in front and a t after the first letter of the root. Its root is ʾ-kh-dh, and here the first letter, the hamzah, has itself become t, so the t is doubled: it-takhadha. The corpus marks it as form VIII, the form of ittabaʿa, "followed", from lesson 11.
The next stage of the course is about these forms. For now, it is enough to see that the corpus names them, and that the root stays the same.
The passive
A verb in the passive says what was done, and not who did it. In the past form it has u and then i: qatala, "killed", becomes qutila, "was killed".
- قُتِلَkill (qatala: he killed)
The corpus marks qutila passive. "Was killed" is what the form says, word for word; what the verse says is read in the edition's meaning, not from these words.
A command
- ٱرْجِعِreturn, go back (rajaʿa: he returned)
- ىٓ
Irjiʿī is the command of rajaʿa, "return", said to a woman: ī at the end, as in lesson 11.
In a sentence
The boy went back to the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Rajaʿa l-waladu ilā l-bayti: "the boy went back to the house", with ilā from lesson 3.
Reading
An sa alama a kan kalmomin da kuka sani gaba ɗaya bayan wannan darasi.
Shin, ka ga wannan da ya jũya baya?
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Amma dai ya ƙaryata, kuma ya jũya baya!
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Wanda ya ƙaryata, kuma ya jũya bãya.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Recall
- Which form doubles the middle letter of the root?
- How does the passive past differ from the active?
- Which form is ittakhadha?
Answers: form II, and form V with ta- in front; it has u and then i, as qutila; form VIII.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight common nouns, and the dual and broken plural on them.
Nazarin kalmomi: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)