Asking, rather, and the words that work like inna
How a question is asked, bal, "rather", the small words that, like inna, put the noun after them in the accusative, and laysa, "is not".
AI ne ya rubuta kuma ya duba
AI ne ya rubuta waɗannan darussa kuma ya duba su, kuma har yanzu babu wani malamin Larabci da ya karanta su. Ayoyin, da ma’anoninsu da nazarin kowace kalma an ɗauko su daga tushensu, waɗanda aka ambata a inda aka nuna su.
An rubuta wannan darasi da Turanci da Bengali kawai, don haka ana nuna shi a nan da Turanci.
- Kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka sani gaba ɗaya
- 49.2%
- Sassan kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka koyar zuwa yanzu
- 69.3%
An ƙidaya daga Quranic Arabic Corpus: an san kalma gaba ɗaya idan an koyar da kowane sashe nata. Ƙididdigar tana faɗin kalmomin da kuka haɗu da su, ba yawan abin da kuka fahimta ba.
Lesson 5 taught a-, which turns a sentence into a question. This lesson teaches more ways to ask, and bal, "rather". It also teaches the words that work like inna from lesson 4, which put the noun or pronoun after them in the accusative, and laysa, "is not".
The new words
- هَلYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: هَلْ · هَل · هَلِ
a question that asks yes or no
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 93
- كَيْفYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: كَيْفَ
how
Tushe: ك ي فAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 83
- أَمYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: أَمْ · أَ · أَمِ
or (in a question)
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 137
- بَلYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: بَلْ · بَل · بَلِ
rather; no, but
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 127
- لَٰكِنYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: لَٰكِن · لَٰكِنِ · لَٰكِنْ
but
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 73
- لَعَلّYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: لَعَلَّ · لَّعَلَّ
perhaps; so that
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 123
- لَّيْسَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: لَيْسَ · لَّيْسَ · لَسْ
is not
Tushe: ل ي سAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 89
Asking
Hal asks a question that is answered "yes" or "no".
- هَلْa question that asks yes or no
Kayfa is "how".
- كَيْفَhow
Am is "or" inside a question: "is it this, or that?". It can also open a question of its own after what was said before: "or …?".
Rather
- بَلْrather; no, but
Bal is "rather": it turns from what was said before to what is said in its place, or to something further. The corpus calls it a particle of retraction.
Like inna
Lākin, "but", is most often said with a single n. Then the corpus marks it as a particle of amendment, and it does not change the ending of what follows. Said with a doubled n, lākinna works like inna; the corpus counts most of those as a word of its own, not as this one.
Laʿalla, "perhaps" or "so that", works like inna: the noun after it is in the accusative, and a pronoun is joined to it. The corpus counts it with inna's kind.
- لَعَلَّperhaps; so that
- هُۥhim, his; it, its
Laʿallahu is laʿalla and hu, "he": "perhaps he".
Is not
Laysa, "is not", works like kāna, "was", from lesson 6: what is said of its subject is in the accusative. It has a past form only, but means "is not".
- لَّسْis not
- تَyou, your (one man)
Lasta is laysa with ta, "you": "you are not". Before ta, laysa is shortened to las-. The corpus marks it as a verb of kāna's kind. What is said of "you" here has bi- in front, bi-muṣayṭirin, and so is in the genitive: bi- is often set before what laysa says.
In a sentence
Is this your pen?
This sentence was written for practice. Hal hādhā qalamuka?: hal, then "this is your pen", and it is a question.
The house is not far.
Laysa l-baytu baʿīdan: "far" is in the accusative, baʿīdan, after laysa.
Reading
An sa alama a kan kalmomin da kuka sani gaba ɗaya bayan wannan darasi.
Sa'an nan kuma Muka sanya ku mãsu mayẽwa a cikin ƙasa daga bãyansu, dõmin Mu ga yãya kuke aikatãwa.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Kõ Mun bã su wani littãfi ne a gabãninsa (Alƙur'ãni) sabõda haka da shĩ suke riƙe?
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Suka ce: "Ã'a, mun zo maka sabõda abin da suka kasance sunã shakka a cikinsa."
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Recall
- What kind of question does hal ask?
- What case is the noun after laʿalla in?
- How does laysa change what is said of its subject?
Answers: one answered "yes" or "no"; the accusative; it puts it in the accusative, as kāna does, unless bi- stands before it.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight common verbs, and what happens to a verb whose root has a weak letter or a hamzah.
Nazarin kalmomi: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)