If, when and will not
The words of the Qur’ān for "if" and "when", which tell apart what happened, what will happen and what never did, and lan, "will not".
AI ne ya rubuta kuma ya duba
AI ne ya rubuta waɗannan darussa kuma ya duba su, kuma har yanzu babu wani malamin Larabci da ya karanta su. Ayoyin, da ma’anoninsu da nazarin kowace kalma an ɗauko su daga tushensu, waɗanda aka ambata a inda aka nuna su.
An rubuta wannan darasi da Turanci da Bengali kawai, don haka ana nuna shi a nan da Turanci.
- Kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka sani gaba ɗaya
- 48.3%
- Sassan kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka koyar zuwa yanzu
- 68.7%
An ƙidaya daga Quranic Arabic Corpus: an san kalma gaba ɗaya idan an koyar da kowane sashe nata. Ƙididdigar tana faɗin kalmomin da kuka haɗu da su, ba yawan abin da kuka fahimta ba.
English has one "if" and one "when". Arabic has several, and each says something about time: whether a thing has happened, will happen, or did not happen at all. Lesson 4 taught in, "if", and lesson 8 idhā, "when", most often of what is to come. This lesson teaches the others.
The new words
- لَوYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: لَوْ · لَّوْ · لَوِ
if (of what did not or will not happen)
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 201
- لَوْلَآYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: لَوْلَا · لَوْلَآ · لَّوْلَا
if it were not for; why not
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 75
- إِذYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: إِذْ · إِذِ · إِذ
when (of what has happened)
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 239
- لَمَّاYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: لَمَّا · لَمَّآ · لَّمَّا
when (once it had happened)
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 156
- يَوْمَئِذYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: يَوْمَئِذٍ · يَوْمَئِذٍۭ · يَوْمِئِذٍ
on that day
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 70
- لَنYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: لَن · لَّن · لَنْ
will not (before a present verb)
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 106
If it were so
Law is "if", of what is not so, or of what did not happen.
- لَوْif (of what did not or will not happen)
The corpus marks law as a word of condition.
Lawlā is law with lā: "if it were not for", and, before a verb, "why not?".
When it happened
Idh is "when", of what has happened.
- إِذْwhen (of what has happened)
The corpus marks idh as a word of time. Lammā before a past verb is also "when", once a thing had happened. Before a present verb, lammā is "not yet"; the corpus most often counts that lammā with lam, from lesson 4, and not as this word.
On that day
- يَوْمَئِذٍon that day
Yawmaʾidhin is yawma, "on the day", from lesson 9, with idh, which takes -in here, written as one word with it: "on that day". The corpus keeps it as one word of time.
Will not
Lan stands before a verb in its present form and denies the future: "will not". The verb after it ends in a, the subjunctive; a verb that ends in -ūna loses its -na.
- لَّنwill not (before a present verb)
In a sentence
I will not go.
This sentence was written for practice. Lan adhhaba: "I will not go". Adhhabu, "I go", ends in a after lan.
Reading
An sa alama a kan kalmomin da kuka sani gaba ɗaya bayan wannan darasi.
Abin da ke a cikin sammai, da abin da ke a cikin ƙasa, Nasa ne, kuma lalle ne Allah, haƙĩƙa, Shi ne wadatacce, Gõdadde.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Kuma idan aka ce musu: "Kada ku yi ɓarna a cikin ƙasa," sukan ce: "Mũ mãsu kyautatawa kawai ne!"
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Lalle waɗanda ke a gabãninsu, sun faɗe ta, sabõda haka abin da suka kasance sunã aikatãwa bai wadãtar da su da kõme ba.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Recall
- Which "when" is for what has happened?
- What does lan deny?
- What is yawmaʾidhin made of?
Answers: idh; the future, "will not"; yawma, "on the day", and idh.
Next
The next lesson teaches how a question is asked, bal, "rather", and the words that work like inna.
Nazarin kalmomi: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)