Earth, sky, day, a people, nafs and people
Six of the commonest nouns of the Qur’ān, nouns that are feminine with no sign of it, and the two ways Arabic makes a plural.
AI ne ya rubuta kuma ya duba
AI ne ya rubuta waɗannan darussa kuma ya duba su, kuma har yanzu babu wani malamin Larabci da ya karanta su. Ayoyin, da ma’anoninsu da nazarin kowace kalma an ɗauko su daga tushensu, waɗanda aka ambata a inda aka nuna su.
An rubuta wannan darasi da Turanci da Bengali kawai, don haka ana nuna shi a nan da Turanci.
- Kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka sani gaba ɗaya
- 41.3%
- Sassan kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka koyar zuwa yanzu
- 63.7%
An ƙidaya daga Quranic Arabic Corpus: an san kalma gaba ɗaya idan an koyar da kowane sashe nata. Ƙididdigar tana faɗin kalmomin da kuka haɗu da su, ba yawan abin da kuka fahimta ba.
This lesson teaches six nouns: the earth, the sky, the day, a people, nafs, and people. One of them, nafs, carries the religion: the course gives no meaning of its own for it, and you read it in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them. With these nouns the lesson teaches two things the corpus marks on a noun: whether it is masculine or feminine, and whether it is plural.
The new words
- أَرْضYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: أَرْضِ · أَرْضَ · أَرْضُ
earth, land, ground
Tushe: ا ر ضAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 461
- سَمَآءYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: سَّمَٰوَٰتِ · سَّمَآءِ · سَّمَآءَ
sky (in the plural, the skies or the heavens)
Tushe: س م وAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 310
- يَوْمYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: يَوْمَ · يَوْمِ · يَوْمٍ
day
Tushe: ي و مAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 405
- قَوْمYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: قَوْمِ · قَوْمٍ · قَوْمَ
a people, a nation
Tushe: ق و مAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 383
- نَفْسYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: أَنفُسِ · أَنفُسَ · نَفْسِ
Ba a ba da ma’ana a nan ba: wannan kalma tana ɗauke da addini, kuma ana karanta ma’anarta a cikin ayoyi, tare da ma’ana a gefensu.
Tushe: ن ف سAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 295
- نَّاسYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: نَّاسِ · نَّاسَ · نَّاسُ
people
Tushe: ن و سAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 241
Feminine without a sign
Many feminine nouns end in -ah, the tā’ marbūṭah. Some do not, and are feminine all the same.
- ٱلْthe
- أَرْضَearth, land, ground
Al-arḍa is al- and arḍ, "earth". The corpus marks arḍ feminine, and its ending here accusative. Samāʾ, "sky", is feminine in the same way, with no sign of it.
Two ways to make a plural
One kind of plural adds an ending. The feminine plural adds -āt:
- ٱلthe
- سَّمَٰوَٰتِsky (in the plural, the skies or the heavens)
As-samāwāti is al- and samāwāt, the plural of samāʾ. The w before -āt is the last letter of the root s-m-w, which the singular writes as a hamzah. The corpus marks it feminine plural.
The other kind changes the vowels inside the word, and is called a broken plural:
- ٱلthe
- نُّفُوسُ
An-nufūsu is al- and nufūs, a plural of nafs: the letters n, f and s stay, and the vowels around them change. The corpus marks nufūs feminine plural too, as it marks samāwāt: its tag names the number, not the way the plural is made.
A people, and people
Qawm is "a people", a group or a nation. Nās is "people", and the corpus marks it masculine plural.
Rãnar da mutãne za su kasance kamar 'ya'yan fari mãsu wãtsuwa.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2In this verse, an-nāsu has the nominative ending u. Of its five words you now know three whole: yawma, "day"; yakūnu, the present of kāna from lesson 6; and an-nāsu. The fourth begins with ka-, which the next lesson teaches.
In a sentence
The earth is large.
This sentence was written for practice. Al-arḍu kabīratun: "large" takes the feminine ending -ah, because arḍ is feminine.
Reading
An sa alama a kan kalmomin da kuka sani gaba ɗaya bayan wannan darasi.
Kuma Allah ke da[1] (mallakar) abin da ke cikin sammai da kuma abin da ke cikin ƙasa kuma Allah Yã kasance, a dukkan, kõme, Mai kẽwayewa.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Lalle ne, Allah bãbu wani abin da ke ɓõyuwa gare Shi a cikin ƙasa, kuma bãbu a cikin sama.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Kuma abin da ke cikin sammai da abin da ke cikin ƙasa na Allah ne, kuma zuwa gare Shi ake mayar da al'amurra.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Recall
- Is arḍ masculine or feminine?
- What does the feminine plural add to a noun?
- What is a broken plural?
Answers: feminine; -āt; a plural made by changing the vowels inside the word, as nufūs from nafs.
Next
The next lesson teaches how to call someone, how to say "like", the -nna that makes a verb certain, and the pronoun for women.
Nazarin kalmomi: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)