The pronouns that join the end of a word
The seven commonest pronouns the Qur’ān writes as part of a word, after a verb, a noun or a small word: they, you, he, we, I and she.
اے آئی کا لکھا اور جانچا ہوا
یہ اسباق اے آئی نے لکھے اور اے آئی ہی نے جانچے ہیں، اور ابھی تک عربی کے کسی استاد نے انہیں نہیں پڑھا۔ آیات، ان کے معانی اور ہر لفظ کا تجزیہ اپنے اپنے مآخذ سے لیے گئے ہیں، جن کے نام وہیں دیے گئے ہیں جہاں یہ دکھائے جاتے ہیں۔
یہ سبق صرف انگریزی اور بنگلہ میں لکھا گیا ہے، اس لیے یہاں انگریزی میں دکھایا گیا ہے۔
- قرآن کے وہ الفاظ جو پورے معلوم ہیں
- 3.5%
- اب تک سکھائے گئے قرآنی الفاظ کے اجزا
- 39.6%
Quranic Arabic Corpus سے گنا گیا: کوئی لفظ تب پورا معلوم سمجھا جاتا ہے جب اس کا ہر جزو سکھایا جا چکا ہو۔ یہ گنتی بتاتی ہے کہ کن الفاظ سے آپ کا سامنا ہو چکا ہے، یہ نہیں کہ آپ کتنا سمجھتے ہیں۔
The last lesson's words join the front of a word. This lesson's join its end. They are pronouns, the words for "they", "you", "he", "we", "I" and "she", and the Qur’ān writes them as part of the word before them.
Two of them, "they" and "you" for more than one, are among the five commonest parts of the Qur’ān's words, and "he" is among the ten commonest. With the last lesson's words, they are much of what holds a sentence together.
The new words
- وا۟جیسے قرآن اسے لکھتا ہے: وا۟ · ونَ · هُمْ
they (as the doer of a verb); them, their
قرآن میں کتنی بار: 7366
- كُمْجیسے قرآن اسے لکھتا ہے: كُمْ · وا۟ · ونَ
you, your (more than two)
قرآن میں کتنی بار: 4645
- هُۥجیسے قرآن اسے لکھتا ہے: هُۥ · هُ · هِ
him, his; it, its
قرآن میں کتنی بار: 2727
- نَاجیسے قرآن اسے لکھتا ہے: نَا · نَٰ · نَآ
we (as the doer of a verb); us, our
قرآن میں کتنی بار: 2347
- كَجیسے قرآن اسے لکھتا ہے: كَ · تَ · تَّ
you, your (one man)
قرآن میں کتنی بار: 1300
- ىجیسے قرآن اسے لکھتا ہے: ى · تُ · نِى
me, my; I (as the doer of a verb)
قرآن میں کتنی بار: 1239
- هَاجیسے قرآن اسے لکھتا ہے: هَا · هَآ
her; it, its (for a word that is feminine)
قرآن میں کتنی بار: 1062
The corpus names each pronoun by three things: its person (the speaker, the one spoken to, or someone else), its gender and its number, in that order. "3MP" is third person, masculine, plural: "they", "them", "their". The table shows the ways the Qur’ān writes each one: a pronoun can take one shape when it is the one who does a verb's action, and another when the action is done to it or when it follows a noun.
Joined to a verb
A pronoun joined to a verb can be the one who does the action, or the one it is done to.
- أَعْطَيْ
- نَٰwe (as the doer of a verb); us, our
- كَyou, your (one man)
This one word has three parts: a verb, aʿṭā, then nā, "we", the ones who give, and then ka, "you", the one given to. In Arabic a whole sentence can be one written word.
- ٱهْدِ
- نَاwe (as the doer of a verb); us, our
Here nā is joined to a verb in the imperative, the form that tells or asks someone to do something, and it is the one the action is done to: "us".
Joined to a small word
A pronoun can also join the small words of the next lesson, the words for "in", "on" and "to".
- فِيin, about
- هِhim, his; it, its
Fīhi is fī, "in", and hi, "it": "in it". The corpus calls this pronoun third person, masculine, singular, the same pronoun as "his" and "him".
- عَلَيْon, upon, over, against
- هِمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
ʿAlayhim is ʿalā, "on", and him, "them". This pronoun is written hum or him by the sound before it; both are the same pronoun.
Joined to a noun
Joined to a noun, a pronoun says whose it is: "his", "our", "my".
Our house is near.
This sentence was written for practice. Baytunā is bayt, "house", and nā, "our".
Reading
جو الفاظ آپ اس سبق کے بعد پورے جانتے ہیں ان پر نشان لگا ہے۔
اللہ ہی کے ہاتھ ہے یہ جہان اور وه جہان.[1]
Urdu Translation - Muhammad Junagarhi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3اب اللہ کے سامنے سجدے کرو اور (اسی) کی عبادت کرو.[1]
Urdu Translation - Muhammad Junagarhi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3Recall
- In the word aʿṭaynāka, which part is "we" and which is "you"?
- What does "3MP" stand for?
- In fīhi, what is hi?
Answers: nā is "we" and ka is "you"; third person, masculine, plural; the pronoun "it" (third person, masculine, singular), joined to fī.
Next
The next lesson teaches the small words of place and direction: "from", "in", "on", "to" and "about".
الفاظ کا تجزیہ: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)