She, I, which: the small words still to come
Eight small words the Qur’ān uses often, and how some of them work with a verb, a noun or what comes after them.
Yapay zekâ tarafından yazıldı ve kontrol edildi
Bu dersler yapay zekâ tarafından yazılmış ve kontrol edilmiştir; henüz hiçbir Arapça öğretmeni onları okumamıştır. Ayetler, anlamları ve her kelimenin tahlili kaynaklarından alınmıştır; kaynaklar, gösterildikleri yerde belirtilir.
Bu ders yalnızca İngilizce ve Bengalce yazılmıştır, bu yüzden burada İngilizce gösterilir.
- Tamamı bilinen Kur’an kelimeleri
- %63,4
- Şimdiye kadar öğretilen Kur’an kelime parçaları
- %77,9
Quranic Arabic Corpus’a göre sayılır: bir kelimenin her parçası öğretildiğinde kelimenin tamamı bilinir. Sayılar hangi kelimelerle karşılaştığınızı söyler, ne kadar anladığınızı değil.
Most of the small words were taught in the first lessons. These are eight of the commonest still to come. None of them is hard, and each has a job of its own in the sentence.
The new words
- أَيُّهَاKur’an’ın yazdığı şekliyle: أَيُّهَا · أَيُّهَ · أَيُّهَآ
said after "O" before a noun with al-
Kur’an’da geçme sayısı: 153
- هِىَKur’an’ın yazdığı şekliyle: هِىَ
she; it
Kur’an’da geçme sayısı: 63
- أَنَا۠Kur’an’ın yazdığı şekliyle: أَنَا۠
I
Kur’an’da geçme sayısı: 61
- أَىّKur’an’ın yazdığı şekliyle: أَىِّ · أَيُّ · أَىُّ
which
Kur’an’da geçme sayısı: 60
- أَمَّاKur’an’ın yazdığı şekliyle: أَمَّا · أَمَّآ
as for
Kur’an’da geçme sayısı: 55
- أَلَآKur’an’ın yazdığı şekliyle: أَلَآ · أَلَا
opens a sentence, calling attention
Kur’an’da geçme sayısı: 39
- سَوْفKur’an’ın yazdığı şekliyle: سَوْفَ
will (of the future)
Kur’an’da geçme sayısı: 42
- لَٰكِنّKur’an’ın yazdığı şekliyle: لَٰكِنَّ
but
Kur’an’da geçme sayısı: 57
She and I
Lesson 5 taught huwa and lesson 13 anta. Hiya is "she", or "it" for a thing the language calls feminine. Anā is "I". Each stands on its own.
- هِىَshe; it
Hiya. The corpus marks it third person, feminine, singular.
- أَنَا۠I
Anā. The corpus marks it first person, singular. The Qur’ān's spelling writes an alif at its end; how that alif is sounded is taught in the library's Tajwīd title.
She is in the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Hiya fī l-bayti: "she", then where she is, and no word for "is".
Ayyuhā
Lesson 10 taught yā, "O". Before a noun with al-, Arabic as a rule puts ayyuhā between them, or ayyatuhā if the noun is feminine; it has no meaning of its own to translate.
- يَٰٓO (calling someone)
- أَيُّهَاsaid after "O" before a noun with al-
In the Qur’ān's spelling yā-ayyuhā is written as one word, with yā and ayyuhā. The noun after it is in the nominative.
Which
Ayy is "which". In the two words here it asks, and it is the first part of an iḍāfah: the word after it, or the pronoun joined to it, is the second.
- لِfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- أَىِّwhich
Li-ayyi is li and ayyi, in the genitive after it. The next word, yawmin, is in the genitive too, as the second noun of the iḍāfah.
- بِwith, by, in
- أَييِّwhich
- كُمُyou, your (more than two)
Bi-ayyikumu is bi, then ayyi, in the genitive after it, then kumu, "you", joined to it as the second part: "which of you".
As for
Ammā is "as for": it sets something out on its own, and what is said of it follows with fa.
İşte o vakit, kimin tartıları ağır gelmişse.
Turkish Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.4The verse opens with fa, then ammā. The sentence ammā begins finishes in the verse after it, which opens with fa-.
Sawfa
Sawfa, like sa- from lesson 7, puts a present verb in the future. It is a word of its own, not joined to the next.
- سَوْفَwill (of the future)
Sawfa: the corpus calls it a particle of the future. The word after it is the present of ʿalima, taʿlamūna: "you will know".
Alā
Alā opens a sentence and calls attention to it. The corpus marks it as a particle of beginning.
- أَلَآopens a sentence, calling attention
Alā: it stands at the head of what follows.
Lākinna
Lesson 16 taught lākin, "but", with a single n. Lākinna, with the doubled n, works like inna: the noun after it takes the accusative, and a pronoun is joined to it.
- وَand
- لَٰكِنَّbut
- كُمْyou, your (more than two)
Wa-lākinnakum is wa, then lākinna, then kum, "you", joined to it as to inna.
In a sentence
I am here.
This sentence was written for practice. Anā hunā: "I", then "here", and no verb between them, as lesson 13 did with naḥnu.
Reading
Bu dersten sonra tamamını bildiğiniz kelimeler işaretlenmiştir.
Fakat ona (iman etmeyip) kâfir oldular, ileride (küfürlerinin akıbetini) bilecekler.
Turkish Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.4Allah, onu hangi şeyden yarattı?
Turkish Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.4Biz, ona iki göz vermedik mi?
Turkish Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.4Recall
- What goes between yā and a noun with al-?
- What is joined to the front of what is said after ammā?
- How does lākinna change the noun after it?
Answers: ayyuhā; fa; it puts it in the accusative.
Next
The next lesson teaches how to say "better than", and eight common nouns.
Kelime tahlili: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)