Earth, sky, day, a people, nafs and people
Six of the commonest nouns of the Qur’ān, nouns that are feminine with no sign of it, and the two ways Arabic makes a plural.
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- Erayada Qur’aanka ee si buuxda loo yaqaan
- 41.3%
- Qaybaha erayada Qur’aanka ee la baray ilaa hadda
- 63.7%
Waxaa laga tiriyey Quranic Arabic Corpus: eray si buuxda ayaa loo yaqaan marka qayb kasta oo ka mid ah la baray. Tirooyinku waxay sheegayaan erayada aad la kulantay, ma aha inta aad fahantay.
This lesson teaches six nouns: the earth, the sky, the day, a people, nafs, and people. One of them, nafs, carries the religion: the course gives no meaning of its own for it, and you read it in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them. With these nouns the lesson teaches two things the corpus marks on a noun: whether it is masculine or feminine, and whether it is plural.
The new words
- أَرْضSida Qur’aanku u qoro: أَرْضِ · أَرْضَ · أَرْضُ
earth, land, ground
Xididka: ا ر ضInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 461
- سَمَآءSida Qur’aanku u qoro: سَّمَٰوَٰتِ · سَّمَآءِ · سَّمَآءَ
sky (in the plural, the skies or the heavens)
Xididka: س م وInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 310
- يَوْمSida Qur’aanku u qoro: يَوْمَ · يَوْمِ · يَوْمٍ
day
Xididka: ي و مInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 405
- قَوْمSida Qur’aanku u qoro: قَوْمِ · قَوْمٍ · قَوْمَ
a people, a nation
Xididka: ق و مInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 383
- نَفْسSida Qur’aanku u qoro: أَنفُسِ · أَنفُسَ · نَفْسِ
Halkan macne lagama bixiyo: eraygani wuxuu sidaa diinta, macnihiisana waxaa lagu akhriyaa aayadaha, iyadoo macnuhu ag yaallo.
Xididka: ن ف سInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 295
- نَّاسSida Qur’aanku u qoro: نَّاسِ · نَّاسَ · نَّاسُ
people
Xididka: ن و سInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 241
Feminine without a sign
Many feminine nouns end in -ah, the tā’ marbūṭah. Some do not, and are feminine all the same.
- ٱلْthe
- أَرْضَearth, land, ground
Al-arḍa is al- and arḍ, "earth". The corpus marks arḍ feminine, and its ending here accusative. Samāʾ, "sky", is feminine in the same way, with no sign of it.
Two ways to make a plural
One kind of plural adds an ending. The feminine plural adds -āt:
- ٱلthe
- سَّمَٰوَٰتِsky (in the plural, the skies or the heavens)
As-samāwāti is al- and samāwāt, the plural of samāʾ. The w before -āt is the last letter of the root s-m-w, which the singular writes as a hamzah. The corpus marks it feminine plural.
The other kind changes the vowels inside the word, and is called a broken plural:
- ٱلthe
- نُّفُوسُ
An-nufūsu is al- and nufūs, a plural of nafs: the letters n, f and s stay, and the vowels around them change. The corpus marks nufūs feminine plural too, as it marks samāwāt: its tag names the number, not the way the plural is made.
A people, and people
Qawm is "a people", a group or a nation. Nās is "people", and the corpus marks it masculine plural.
4. Waa Maalintay dadku noqon sida baalallay kala firdhay.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26In this verse, an-nāsu has the nominative ending u. Of its five words you now know three whole: yawma, "day"; yakūnu, the present of kāna from lesson 6; and an-nāsu. The fourth begins with ka-, which the next lesson teaches.
In a sentence
The earth is large.
This sentence was written for practice. Al-arḍu kabīratun: "large" takes the feminine ending -ah, because arḍ is feminine.
Reading
Erayada aad si buuxda u taqaan casharkan kadib waa la calaamadeeyey.
126. Alle baa iska leh waxa ku sugan samooyinka iyo waxa ku sugan arlada. Alle waa wax walba koobe.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.265. Hubaal, Alle waxba kama qarsoona ku sugan arlada ama samada.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26109. Alle baana leh waxa ku sugan samooyinka iyo waxa ku sugan arlada. xagga Allayna umuurahoo dhan u noqdaan.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26Recall
- Is arḍ masculine or feminine?
- What does the feminine plural add to a noun?
- What is a broken plural?
Answers: feminine; -āt; a plural made by changing the vowels inside the word, as nufūs from nafs.
Next
The next lesson teaches how to call someone, how to say "like", the -nna that makes a verb certain, and the pronoun for women.
Falanqaynta erayada: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)