Ṭahārah

Ḥ · four — face, arms, wipe ¼ of the head, feet.

M · seven — adds niyyah, wiping the whole head, rubbing (dalk) and continuity (muwālāt).

S · six — adds niyyah and order (tartīb); part of the head suffices.

Ḥb · six — whole head with the ears, tartīb, muwālāt.

Anything exiting the front or back passage.

Deep sleep in which awareness is lost.

Loss of consciousness — fainting, intoxication, insanity.

Whatever obliges ghusl also nullifies wuḍū.

Touching the private part — breaks per M, S, Ḥb; does not per Ḥ.

Skin contact with the opposite sex — breaks per S outright; per M and Ḥb only with desire; does not per Ḥ.

Flowing blood, pus or vomit — breaks per Ḥ; does not per M, S, Ḥb.

Camel meat — breaks per Ḥb; does not per the other three.

Touching a woman’s hand in ṭawāf — follows the ruling above.

Ejaculation with desire, waking or asleep.

Intercourse — whether or not ejaculation occurs.

The ending of ḥayḍ and of nifās.

Death — performed by the living upon the deceased.

Entering Islam — obligatory per Ḥb, recommended per others.

1 Intention, then wash the hands.

2 Wash away any impurity from the body.

3 Perform a complete wuḍū.

4 Pour water over the head three times, working it to the roots.

5 Pour over the right side, then the left, until all skin is wetted.

Farḍ acts: Ḥ counts three — rinsing the mouth, the nose, and wetting the whole body. M, S and Ḥb require intention and the whole body; M adds rubbing and continuity. A woman need not undo her braids for janābah, only for ḥayḍ.

Water is absent, or too little for both drinking and purifying.

Illness or a wound that water would worsen or delay healing.

Severe cold with no means to warm the water.

Water is present but unreachable without real danger.

Intend, strike clean earth with both palms, blow off the excess, wipe the face, then the hands.

Ḥ, S · two strikes — face first, then the arms to the elbows.

M, Ḥb · one strike — face and hands to the wrists.

It is nullified by whatever nullifies wuḍū, and by water becoming available. It substitutes for both wuḍū and ghusl. One tayammum per prayer per S; it lasts until nullified per Ḥ, M and Ḥb.

In place of washing the feet, one may wipe over leather socks or footwear that covers the ankles.

Put on while in a state of complete purity.

Covering the ankles, and firm enough to walk in.

Free of tears large enough to expose the foot.

Only for minor impurity — never in place of ghusl.

Resident — one day and night, 24 hours.

Traveller — three days and nights, 72 hours.

Counted from the first wipe after breaking wuḍū, not from putting them on.

M sets no time limit, provided they remain clean and intact.

Wipe the upper surface only, from toes toward the shin, once. Wiping the sole is not the sunnah.

Removing the socks, or the term expiring, ends the wiping. Bandages and casts are wiped over without any time limit.

Urine, excrement, madhī and wadī, menstrual blood.

Blood that flows, pus, vomit in quantity.

Swine, and the saliva of a dog.

Carrion, and the meat of any animal not slaughtered lawfully.

Wine and every intoxicating drink.

Grave — a vessel licked by a dog: seven washes, the first with earth.

Light — the urine of a boy not yet eating solids: sprinkle until covered, no wringing.

Ordinary — wash until colour, scent and taste are gone; a remaining stain that resists is pardoned.

Pure although often assumed otherwise: semen — scraped when dry, wiped when wet; the sweat and saliva of a cat; the hair and skin of a tanned hide; a small quantity of blood.

Ḥ — minimum three days, maximum ten.

S, Ḥb — minimum a day and a night, maximum fifteen.

M — no fixed minimum; maximum fifteen.

The least purity between two cycles is fifteen days.

Maximum forty days per Ḥ and Ḥb; sixty per M and S. Should the bleeding stop sooner, she bathes and resumes at once.

Prayer — and it is not made up afterwards.

Fasting — and it is made up afterwards.

Ṭawāf around the Ka‘bah; intercourse.

All else of Ḥajj is performed as normal.

Istiḥāḍah — bleeding outside the known cycle is an ailment, not ḥayḍ. She bathes once, then makes fresh wuḍū for each prayer and prays and fasts as normal.