The forms of a verb, the passive, and eight more verbs
Eight more common verbs, the passive, and the derived forms of a verb as the corpus marks them.
Ditulis dan diperiksa oleh AI
Pelajaran ini ditulis dan diperiksa oleh AI, dan belum ada guru bahasa Arab yang membacanya. Ayat-ayat, artinya dan analisis setiap kata diambil dari sumbernya masing-masing, yang disebutkan di tempat semuanya ditampilkan.
Pelajaran ini hanya ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Bengali, jadi di sini ditampilkan dalam bahasa Inggris.
- Kata Al-Qur’an yang dikenal utuh
- 51,7%
- Bagian kata Al-Qur’an yang sudah diajarkan
- 70,7%
Dihitung dari Quranic Arabic Corpus: sebuah kata dikenal utuh bila setiap bagiannya sudah diajarkan. Angka-angka ini menunjukkan kata-kata yang sudah Anda temui, bukan seberapa banyak yang Anda pahami.
A root can make more than one verb. Arabic builds them on a few patterns, which grammars written in English call forms and number I to X. The corpus marks each verb's form. This lesson teaches eight verbs, several of them in forms other than the first, and the passive.
The new words
- ٱتَّخَذَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: ٱتَّخَذُ · ٱتَّخَذَ · تَتَّخِذُ
take for oneself, adopt (ittakhadha: he took)
Akar kata: ا خ ذKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 124
- ظَلَمَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: ظَلَمُ · يَظْلِمُ · يُظْلَمُ
wrong, do wrong (ẓalama: he wronged)
Akar kata: ظ ل مKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 110
- كَذَّبَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: كَذَّبُ · تُكَذِّبَ · كَذَّبَ
Artinya tidak diberikan di sini: kata ini membawa agama, dan maknanya dibaca dalam ayat-ayat, dengan artinya di sampingnya.
Akar kata: ك ذ بKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 176
- أَخْرَجَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: أَخْرَجَ · يُخْرِجُ · أَخْرَجْ
bring out (akhraja: he brought out)
Akar kata: خ ر جKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 99
- قَتَلَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: تَقْتُلُ · يَقْتُلُ · ٱقْتُلُ
kill (qatala: he killed)
Akar kata: ق ت لKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 83
- رَجَعَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: تُرْجَعُ · يَرْجِعُ · يُرْجَعُ
return, go back (rajaʿa: he returned)
Akar kata: ر ج عKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 79
- وَعَدَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: وَعَدَ · تُوعَدُ · يُوعَدُ
promise (waʿada: he promised)
Akar kata: و ع دKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 70
- تَوَلَّىٰSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: تَوَلَّ · تَوَلَّىٰ · يَتَوَلَّ
turn away (tawallā: he turned away)
Akar kata: و ل يKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 78
One of them, kadhdhaba, carries the religion in the Qur’ān's use of it: the course gives no meaning of its own for it, and you read it in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
Forms of a verb
- فَso, then, and so
- كَذَّبَ
Kadhdhaba doubles the middle letter of its root, k-dh-b. The corpus marks it as form II.
- وَand
- أَخْرَجَbring out (akhraja: he brought out)
Akhraja, "brought out", puts a- in front of the root kh-r-j. The corpus marks it as form IV, the form of arāda from the last lesson.
- وَand
- تَوَلَّىٰٓturn away (tawallā: he turned away)
Tawallā, "turned away", has ta- in front and a doubled middle letter. The corpus marks it as form V.
- ٱتَّخَذَtake for oneself, adopt (ittakhadha: he took)
Ittakhadha, "took for himself", has i- in front and a t after the first letter of the root. Its root is ʾ-kh-dh, and here the first letter, the hamzah, has itself become t, so the t is doubled: it-takhadha. The corpus marks it as form VIII, the form of ittabaʿa, "followed", from lesson 11.
The next stage of the course is about these forms. For now, it is enough to see that the corpus names them, and that the root stays the same.
The passive
A verb in the passive says what was done, and not who did it. In the past form it has u and then i: qatala, "killed", becomes qutila, "was killed".
- قُتِلَkill (qatala: he killed)
The corpus marks qutila passive. "Was killed" is what the form says, word for word; what the verse says is read in the edition's meaning, not from these words.
A command
- ٱرْجِعِreturn, go back (rajaʿa: he returned)
- ىٓ
Irjiʿī is the command of rajaʿa, "return", said to a woman: ī at the end, as in lesson 11.
In a sentence
The boy went back to the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Rajaʿa l-waladu ilā l-bayti: "the boy went back to the house", with ilā from lesson 3.
Reading
Kata-kata yang Anda kenal utuh setelah pelajaran ini ditandai.
33. Maka tidakkah engkau melihat orang yang berpaling (dari Al-Qur`ān)?
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.332. tetapi justru dia mendustakan (Rasul) dan berpaling (dari kebenaran),
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.316. yang mendustakan (kebenaran) dan berpaling (dari iman).
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3Recall
- Which form doubles the middle letter of the root?
- How does the passive past differ from the active?
- Which form is ittakhadha?
Answers: form II, and form V with ta- in front; it has u and then i, as qutila; form VIII.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight common nouns, and the dual and broken plural on them.
Analisis kata: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)