Asking, rather, and the words that work like inna
How a question is asked, bal, "rather", the small words that, like inna, put the noun after them in the accusative, and laysa, "is not".
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- Kata Al-Qur’an yang dikenal utuh
- 49,2%
- Bagian kata Al-Qur’an yang sudah diajarkan
- 69,3%
Dihitung dari Quranic Arabic Corpus: sebuah kata dikenal utuh bila setiap bagiannya sudah diajarkan. Angka-angka ini menunjukkan kata-kata yang sudah Anda temui, bukan seberapa banyak yang Anda pahami.
Lesson 5 taught a-, which turns a sentence into a question. This lesson teaches more ways to ask, and bal, "rather". It also teaches the words that work like inna from lesson 4, which put the noun or pronoun after them in the accusative, and laysa, "is not".
The new words
- هَلSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: هَلْ · هَل · هَلِ
a question that asks yes or no
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 93
- كَيْفSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: كَيْفَ
how
Akar kata: ك ي فKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 83
- أَمSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: أَمْ · أَ · أَمِ
or (in a question)
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 137
- بَلSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: بَلْ · بَل · بَلِ
rather; no, but
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 127
- لَٰكِنSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: لَٰكِن · لَٰكِنِ · لَٰكِنْ
but
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 73
- لَعَلّSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: لَعَلَّ · لَّعَلَّ
perhaps; so that
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 123
- لَّيْسَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: لَيْسَ · لَّيْسَ · لَسْ
is not
Akar kata: ل ي سKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 89
Asking
Hal asks a question that is answered "yes" or "no".
- هَلْa question that asks yes or no
Kayfa is "how".
- كَيْفَhow
Am is "or" inside a question: "is it this, or that?". It can also open a question of its own after what was said before: "or …?".
Rather
- بَلْrather; no, but
Bal is "rather": it turns from what was said before to what is said in its place, or to something further. The corpus calls it a particle of retraction.
Like inna
Lākin, "but", is most often said with a single n. Then the corpus marks it as a particle of amendment, and it does not change the ending of what follows. Said with a doubled n, lākinna works like inna; the corpus counts most of those as a word of its own, not as this one.
Laʿalla, "perhaps" or "so that", works like inna: the noun after it is in the accusative, and a pronoun is joined to it. The corpus counts it with inna's kind.
- لَعَلَّperhaps; so that
- هُۥhim, his; it, its
Laʿallahu is laʿalla and hu, "he": "perhaps he".
Is not
Laysa, "is not", works like kāna, "was", from lesson 6: what is said of its subject is in the accusative. It has a past form only, but means "is not".
- لَّسْis not
- تَyou, your (one man)
Lasta is laysa with ta, "you": "you are not". Before ta, laysa is shortened to las-. The corpus marks it as a verb of kāna's kind. What is said of "you" here has bi- in front, bi-muṣayṭirin, and so is in the genitive: bi- is often set before what laysa says.
In a sentence
Is this your pen?
This sentence was written for practice. Hal hādhā qalamuka?: hal, then "this is your pen", and it is a question.
The house is not far.
Laysa l-baytu baʿīdan: "far" is in the accusative, baʿīdan, after laysa.
Reading
Kata-kata yang Anda kenal utuh setelah pelajaran ini ditandai.
14. Kemudian Kami jadikan kamu sebagai pengganti-pengganti (mereka) di bumi setelah mereka, untuk Kami lihat bagaimana kamu berbuat.
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.321. Atau apakah pernah Kami berikan sebuah kitab kepada mereka sebelumnya, lalu mereka berpegang (pada kitab itu)?
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.363. (Para utusan) menjawab, “Sebenarnya kami ini datang kepadamu membawa azab yang selalu mereka dustakan.
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3Recall
- What kind of question does hal ask?
- What case is the noun after laʿalla in?
- How does laysa change what is said of its subject?
Answers: one answered "yes" or "no"; the accusative; it puts it in the accusative, as kāna does, unless bi- stands before it.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight common verbs, and what happens to a verb whose root has a weak letter or a hamzah.
Analisis kata: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)