Every thing, between, before, then, or and when
Eight common words of the Qur’ān, and the construct: two nouns joined so that the first belongs to the second.
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- Kata Al-Qur’an yang dikenal utuh
- 38,7%
- Bagian kata Al-Qur’an yang sudah diajarkan
- 62,1%
Dihitung dari Quranic Arabic Corpus: sebuah kata dikenal utuh bila setiap bagiannya sudah diajarkan. Angka-angka ini menunjukkan kata-kata yang sudah Anda temui, bukan seberapa banyak yang Anda pahami.
This lesson teaches eight common words: "every" and "thing"; "before", "then" and "when", for time and order; and "between", "or" and "that", for how things stand to each other. It also teaches the way Arabic joins two nouns so that the first is "of" the second.
The new words
- كُلّSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: كُلِّ · كُلَّ · كُلُّ
every, each, all
Akar kata: ك ل لKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 359
- شَىْءSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: شَىْءٍ · شَيْـًٔا · شَىْءٌ
thing
Akar kata: ش ي اKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 283
- بَيْنSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: بَيْنَ · بَيْنِ · بَّيْنَ
between
Akar kata: ب ي نKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 266
- قَبْلSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: قَبْلِ · قَبْلُ · قَبْلَ
before
Akar kata: ق ب لKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 242
- ثُمّSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: ثُمَّ
then, after that
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 338
- أَوSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: أَوْ · أَوِ · أَو
or
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 280
- إِذَاSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: إِذَا · إِذَآ · ءِذَا
when; if (most often of what is still to come)
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 409
- أَنّSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: أَنَّ · أَنِّ · إِنَّ
that (it gives weight to what follows, as inna does)
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 362
Two nouns joined
When two nouns stand together and the first is "of" the second, Arabic calls it iḍāfah. The first noun drops al- and the ending -n; the second takes the genitive ending, most often i. "Every thing" is kullu shayʾin: kullu, "every", then shayʾin, "thing", in the genitive.
29. Dan segala sesuatu telah Kami catat dalam suatu Kitab (buku catatan amalan manusia).
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3This verse opens wa-kulla shayʾin: "and every thing", with kulla in the accusative, as the corpus marks it, and shayʾin in the genitive. The second noun is always in the genitive; the first takes whatever ending its place in the sentence asks for.
- لِfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- كُلِّevery, each, all
Li-kulli is li, "for", from the first lesson, and kulli, in the genitive after it.
Then, or, when
- ثُمَّthen, after that
Thumma is "then": it joins two things and says the second comes after the first.
- أَوْor
Aw is "or".
- إِذَاwhen; if (most often of what is still to come)
Idhā is "when", most often of what is still to come. The corpus marks it as a word of time.
That
Anna is a word of its own, and works like inna from the fourth lesson: the corpus counts it among the words of inna's kind, and the word after it takes the accusative, as after inna. Where inna gives weight to a sentence, anna is "that", and makes what follows part of a longer sentence.
- أَنَّthat (it gives weight to what follows, as inna does)
- هُمthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Annahum is anna and hum, "they": "that they".
In a sentence
I work every day.
This sentence was written for practice. Kulla yawmin, "every day": kull, then the noun it belongs to, in the genitive.
Reading
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14. Tidakkah dia mengetahui bahwa sesungguhnya Allah melihat (segala perbuatannya)?
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.339. Dan kamu tidak diberi balasan melainkan terhadap apa yang telah kamu kerjakan,
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.332. Dan apabila mereka melihat (orang-orang mukmin), mereka mengatakan, “Sesungguhnya mereka benar-benar orang-orang sesat,”
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3Recall
- What happens to the first of two nouns joined in an iḍāfah?
- What ending does the second noun take?
- How is "that they" written?
Answers: it drops al- and the ending -n; the genitive, most often i; annahum.
Next
The next lesson teaches the earth, the sky, the day, a people, nafs and people, and how Arabic marks a noun feminine or plural.
Analisis kata: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)