Who, which, this, that, he and they
The words that point to a person or a thing, the pronouns that stand on their own, and the letter that asks a question.
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Pelajaran ini hanya ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Bengali, jadi di sini ditampilkan dalam bahasa Inggris.
- Kata Al-Qur’an yang dikenal utuh
- 29,1%
- Bagian kata Al-Qur’an yang sudah diajarkan
- 56%
Dihitung dari Quranic Arabic Corpus: sebuah kata dikenal utuh bila setiap bagiannya sudah diajarkan. Angka-angka ini menunjukkan kata-kata yang sudah Anda temui, bukan seberapa banyak yang Anda pahami.
The second lesson's pronouns are joined to a word. Arabic also has pronouns that stand on their own, words that point ("this", "that"), and words that stand for a person or a thing ("who", "the one who"). This lesson teaches the commonest of them, and the one-letter word that turns a sentence into a question.
The new words
- ٱلَّذِىSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: ٱلَّذِينَ · ٱلَّذِى · لَّذِينَ
who, which, that: the one who
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 1464
- مَنSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: مَن · مَنْ · مَّن
who; the one who, whoever
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 871
- ذَٰلِكSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: ذَٰلِكَ · تِلْكَ · ذَٰلِكُمْ
that
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 520
- هَٰذَاSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: هَٰذَا · هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ · هَٰذَآ
this; these
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 318
- هُوَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: هُوَ
he, it
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 481
- هُمْSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: هُمْ
they
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 585
- أَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: أَ · ءَ
a question: it asks about what follows
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 513
The one who
Alladhī is "the one who" or "which", and it begins a description of someone or something. It changes its shape for the number and gender of who it describes: alladhīna is "those who".
- ٱلَّذِينَwho, which, that: the one who
The corpus gives alladhīna the lemma alladhī, and marks it as masculine and plural.
Man is "who". Most often in the Qur’ān it means "the one who" or "whoever"; less often it asks "who?".
This and that
Hādhā is "this", for what is near, and dhālika is "that", for what is further off.
- ذَٰلِكَthat
This is my pen.
This sentence was written for practice. Hādhā qalamī: "this", then qalam, "pen", with ī, "my", from the second lesson. Arabic needs no word for "is" in a sentence like this one.
He and they
Huwa is "he" or "it", standing on its own, and hum is "they".
1. Katakanlah (Muhammad), “Dialah Allah, Yang Maha Esa.
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3The second word of this verse is huwa. The corpus gives huwa no lemma; it names it by its person, gender and number, as it names the joined pronouns.
Asking
A-, the letter hamzah written on an alif and joined to the front of a word, makes a sentence a question.
- أَa question: it asks about what follows
- لَمْdid not (before a present verb, it denies the past)
A-lam is a-, the question, and lam, "did not", from the last lesson: "did … not?".
Reading
Kata-kata yang Anda kenal utuh setelah pelajaran ini ditandai.
20. dan yang demikian itu tidak sukar bagi Allah.
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.33. Yang dalam hal itu mereka berselisih.
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.316. Dan mereka tidak mungkin keluar dari neraka itu.
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3Recall
- What is the difference between hādhā and dhālika?
- What lemma does the corpus give alladhīna?
- What does a- do at the front of a word?
Answers: hādhā is "this", for what is near, and dhālika "that", for what is further; alladhī; it makes the sentence a question.
Next
The next lesson teaches the first verbs: "said", "was", "made", "came" and "knew".
Analisis kata: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)