No, not, indeed, except and that
The small words that deny, that give a sentence weight, and that join one sentence to another: eight of the commonest words of the Qur’ān.
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- Kata Al-Qur’an yang dikenal utuh
- 23,5%
- Bagian kata Al-Qur’an yang sudah diajarkan
- 52,3%
Dihitung dari Quranic Arabic Corpus: sebuah kata dikenal utuh bila setiap bagiannya sudah diajarkan. Angka-angka ini menunjukkan kata-kata yang sudah Anda temui, bukan seberapa banyak yang Anda pahami.
This lesson teaches eight short words that change what a sentence says. Some deny it ("no", "not", "did not"), two give it weight ("indeed", "surely"), one leaves something out ("except"), and some join one sentence to another ("if", "that").
The new words
- لَاSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: لَا · لَّا · لَآ
no, not; do not
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 1738
- مَاSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: مَا · مَآ · مَّا
what, that which; not
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 2565
- إِنّSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: إِنَّ · إِنِّ · ءِنَّ
indeed, truly (it opens a sentence and gives it weight)
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 1682
- إِنSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: إِن · إِنْ · ئِن
if; not (in some sentences)
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 697
- إِلَّاSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: إِلَّا · إِلَّآ
except, but, only
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 663
- أَنSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: أَن · أَنْ · أَ
that; to (before a verb)
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 625
- قَدSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: قَدْ · قَدِ · قَد
surely, already (before a verb)
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 406
- لَمSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: لَمْ · لَّمْ · لَمَّا
did not (before a present verb, it denies the past)
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 353
Saying no
Lā is "no" and "not". Before a noun it can deny that there is any of a thing at all.
2. Kitab (Al-Qur`ān) itu tidak ada keraguan padanya; petunjuk bagi mereka yang bertakwa.[5]
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3In this verse lā stands before a noun with no article, and the noun ends in a: that is how Arabic says that there is none of something.
Mā is more than one word in one spelling. Most often it means "that which" or "what", and often it means "not". The corpus gives them all the same lemma, and marks which it is in each verse.
Did not
Lam stands before a verb in its present form, and the sentence then denies the past: not "does not", but "did not".
- لَمْdid not (before a present verb, it denies the past)
3. (Allah) tidak beranak dan tidak pula diperanakkan.
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3This verse has lam twice, the second time joined to wa, "and", from the first lesson.
Indeed
Inna opens a sentence and gives it weight. The noun or pronoun after it takes the ending of the accusative case, and a pronoun is written as one word with it.
- إِنَّindeed, truly (it opens a sentence and gives it weight)
- آwe (as the doer of a verb); us, our
Innā is inna and nā, "we", from the second lesson. The corpus writes the pronoun's part as a long ā alone: the word has only the doubled n of inna.
In, with no doubled n, is another word: "if", and in some sentences "not". Illā is "except" or "only", and an is "that", or "to" before a verb. Qad stands before a verb and makes it certain: the corpus calls it a particle of certainty. In the Qur’ān it stands almost always before a verb in its past form, where it says the thing has surely happened: "has surely", "has already".
In a sentence
I do not know.
This sentence was written for practice. Lā stands before a verb in its present form and denies it: "I do not know".
Reading
Kata-kata yang Anda kenal utuh setelah pelajaran ini ditandai.
7. Padahal tidak ada (cela) atasmu kalau dia tidak menyucikan diri (beriman).
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.33. Sungguh, engkau (Muhammad) adalah salah seorang dari rasul-rasul,
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3161. Maka sesungguhnya kamu dan apa yang kamu sembah itu,
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3Recall
- How does lam change the sense of a present verb?
- What ending does the noun after inna take?
- What are the two senses of mā this lesson names?
Answers: it denies the past, "did not"; the accusative; "what, that which" and "not".
Next
The next lesson teaches the words for "who", "which", "this", "that", "he" and "they", and how a question is asked.
Analisis kata: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)