Having: lahu, lakum and the pronouns after li and bi
How Arabic says "he has" and "for you" with li and a pronoun, and the pronouns the corpus counts apart after li and bi.
AI ne ya rubuta kuma ya duba
AI ne ya rubuta waɗannan darussa kuma ya duba su, kuma har yanzu babu wani malamin Larabci da ya karanta su. Ayoyin, da ma’anoninsu da nazarin kowace kalma an ɗauko su daga tushensu, waɗanda aka ambata a inda aka nuna su.
An rubuta wannan darasi da Turanci da Bengali kawai, don haka ana nuna shi a nan da Turanci.
- Kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka sani gaba ɗaya
- 44.8%
- Sassan kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka koyar zuwa yanzu
- 66.4%
An ƙidaya daga Quranic Arabic Corpus: an san kalma gaba ɗaya idan an koyar da kowane sashe nata. Ƙididdigar tana faɗin kalmomin da kuka haɗu da su, ba yawan abin da kuka fahimta ba.
Arabic most often says "have" with no verb. It says that a thing is "for" someone, with li and a pronoun: lahu is "for him", and so "he has". This lesson teaches that, and the pronouns as the corpus writes them after li and bi.
The new words
- كُمْYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: كُمْ
you, your (more than two)
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 262
- هُۥYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: هُۥ
him, it (lahu: to him, he has)
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 232
- هِۦYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: هِۦ
him, it (bihi: with it, in it)
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 261
- هُمُYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: هُمُ
they, them
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 132
- هَاYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: هَا
her, it (a thing called feminine)
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 110
- نَاYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: نَا
us
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 70
- كُمYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: كُم
you, your (more than two)
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 80
- كَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: كَ
you (one man)
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 80
These are the pronouns of the second lesson. After li and bi, and in a few other places, the corpus writes the pronoun as a word of its own rather than as a part joined to the end, and names it by its spelling. So the table counts them apart: -kum after la- is here, and -kum after a noun was in lesson 2. Humu is the one that is more than that: it is "they" or "them" with u on its m, most often before al-, and it stands after li less often than it stands on its own, as hum, "they", of lesson 5 does.
Li with a pronoun
Before a pronoun, li is said la, except before -ī, "me", where it stays lī.
- لَfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- هُۥhim, it (lahu: to him, he has)
Lahu is la and hu, "him". In the corpus's spelling hu is written with a small wāw that lengthens its vowel.
- لَّfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- كُمْyou, your (more than two)
Lakum is la and kum, "you", more than two: "for you".
- لَfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- هَاher, it (a thing called feminine)
Lahā is la and hā, "her" or "it", for a thing called feminine.
Bi with a pronoun
- بِwith, by, in
- هِۦhim, it (bihi: with it, in it)
Bihi is bi and hi, "him" or "it": "with it" or "by it". After i, the pronoun hu is said hi, as hum is said him.
In a sentence
You have a book.
This sentence was written for practice. Laka kitābun: "for you", laka, then "a book", with -un because it is not definite: "you have a book".
Reading
An sa alama a kan kalmomin da kuka sani gaba ɗaya bayan wannan darasi.
Kuma wanda ke cikin sammai da ƙasã Nãsa ne shi kaɗai. Dukansu mãsu tawãli'u ne a gare Shi.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Sunã da wata hargõwa a cikinta, alhãli kuwa sũ, a cikinta, bã su saurãren kõme.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Kuma idan hakki ya kasance a gare su, zã su jẽ zuwa gare shi, snnã mãsu mĩƙa wuya.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Recall
- How does Arabic say "he has"?
- How is li said before a pronoun?
- Why is it bihi and not bihu?
Answers: lahu, "for him"; la, but lī before -ī; after i, hu is said hi.
Next
The next lesson teaches the pronouns that stand on their own, "you", "we" and "they", and the dual: two people or things.
Nazarin kalmomi: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)