Tsallaka zuwa abin da ke ciki
Sabīl
Larabcin Alƙur’ani · Duk darussa
Mataki na 0 · Darasi na 3

Dāl, dhāl, rā’, zāy and wāw

Five letters that join to the letter before them and never to the one after, so that one word can be written in more than one piece.

AI ne ya rubuta kuma ya duba

AI ne ya rubuta waɗannan darussa kuma ya duba su, kuma har yanzu babu wani malamin Larabci da ya karanta su. Ayoyin, da ma’anoninsu da nazarin kowace kalma an ɗauko su daga tushensu, waɗanda aka ambata a inda aka nuna su.

An rubuta wannan darasi da Turanci da Bengali kawai, don haka ana nuna shi a nan da Turanci.

Most letters join on both sides. Six do not: they join to the letter before them, but the letter after them starts again, as if at the start of a word. You met the first of them, alif, in lesson 1. This lesson teaches the other five.

The letters

  • dālRubutu da haruffan Latin bisa ƙa’ida: d
    د
    1. دIta kaɗai
    2. ‍دA ƙarshe
  • dhālRubutu da haruffan Latin bisa ƙa’ida: dh
    ذ
    1. ذIta kaɗai
    2. ‍ذA ƙarshe
  • rā’Rubutu da haruffan Latin bisa ƙa’ida: r
    ر
    1. رIta kaɗai
    2. ‍رA ƙarshe
  • zāyRubutu da haruffan Latin bisa ƙa’ida: z
    ز
    1. زIta kaɗai
    2. ‍زA ƙarshe
  • wāwRubutu da haruffan Latin bisa ƙa’ida: w
    و
    1. وIta kaɗai
    2. ‍وA ƙarshe

Each has only two shapes, alone and at the end, because it is never joined to anything after it.

Two pairs and a wāw

  • Dāl is a small angle, open to the left. Dhāl is the same with one dot above.
  • Rā’ is a short curve that drops below the line. Zāy is the same with one dot above.
  • Wāw is a small round head with a tail that curves down below the line.

Dāl sits on the line; rā’ falls below it. That is how to tell the two pairs apart when the dots are the same.

Like alif, wāw also stands for a long vowel, ū. Lesson 13 shows how.

A word in pieces

Because these six letters do not join forward, a single word can be written in two or three pieces, with small gaps inside it. The gap after one of these letters is not the end of the word: the space between words is wider.

ٱلدِّينِ
Harafi bayan harafi
  1. ٱalif waṣlah
  2. لlām
  3. دِّdāl+ shaddah+ kasrah
  4. يyā’
  5. نِnūn+ kasrah
Alƙur’ani 1:4

This word has a dāl in its middle. The dāl joins to the letter before it, and the letter after it begins again.

زُلْزِلَتِ
Harafi bayan harafi
  1. زُzāy+ ḍammah
  2. لْlām+ sukūn
  3. زِzāy+ kasrah
  4. لَlām+ fatḥah
  5. تِtā’+ kasrah
Alƙur’ani 99:1

This word has two zāy. Each one ends a piece of the word.

In the Qur’ān

An nuna haruffa da alamomin da wannan darasi ya ambata a cikin ayar.

ذُو ٱلْعَرْشِ ٱلْمَجِيدُ

Mai Al'arshi mai girma

Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2
Alƙur’ani 85:15

An nuna haruffa da alamomin da wannan darasi ya ambata a cikin ayar.

إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ ٱلْأَرْضُ زِلْزَالَهَا

Idan aka girgiza ƙasa, girgizawarta.

Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2
Alƙur’ani 99:1

Recall

  • Which six letters never join to the letter after them?
  • How do you tell rā’ from dāl?
  • Is a gap after rā’ inside a word the end of the word?

Answers: alif, dāl, dhāl, rā’, zāy and wāw; rā’ drops below the line and dāl sits on it; no, the space between words is wider.

Next

The next lesson teaches four letters with teeth and loops: sīn, shīn, ṣād and ḍād.

Nazarin kalmomi: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)