She, I, which: the small words still to come
Eight small words the Qur’ān uses often, and how some of them work with a verb, a noun or what comes after them.
Écrit et vérifié par l’IA
Ces leçons ont été écrites et vérifiées par l’IA, et aucun professeur d’arabe ne les a encore lues. Les versets, leurs sens et l’analyse de chaque mot sont tirés de leurs sources, nommées là où ils sont montrés.
Cette leçon n’est écrite qu’en anglais et en bengali ; elle est donc montrée ici en anglais.
- Mots du Coran connus en entier
- 63,4 %
- Parties des mots du Coran enseignées jusqu’ici
- 77,9 %
Compté d’après le Quranic Arabic Corpus : un mot est connu en entier quand chacune de ses parties a été enseignée. Les chiffres disent quels mots vous avez rencontrés, non ce que vous comprenez.
Most of the small words were taught in the first lessons. These are eight of the commonest still to come. None of them is hard, and each has a job of its own in the sentence.
The new words
- أَيُّهَاTel que le Coran l’écrit: أَيُّهَا · أَيُّهَ · أَيُّهَآ
said after "O" before a noun with al-
Occurrences dans le Coran: 153
- هِىَTel que le Coran l’écrit: هِىَ
she; it
Occurrences dans le Coran: 63
- أَنَا۠Tel que le Coran l’écrit: أَنَا۠
I
Occurrences dans le Coran: 61
- أَىّTel que le Coran l’écrit: أَىِّ · أَيُّ · أَىُّ
which
Occurrences dans le Coran: 60
- أَمَّاTel que le Coran l’écrit: أَمَّا · أَمَّآ
as for
Occurrences dans le Coran: 55
- أَلَآTel que le Coran l’écrit: أَلَآ · أَلَا
opens a sentence, calling attention
Occurrences dans le Coran: 39
- سَوْفTel que le Coran l’écrit: سَوْفَ
will (of the future)
Occurrences dans le Coran: 42
- لَٰكِنّTel que le Coran l’écrit: لَٰكِنَّ
but
Occurrences dans le Coran: 57
She and I
Lesson 5 taught huwa and lesson 13 anta. Hiya is "she", or "it" for a thing the language calls feminine. Anā is "I". Each stands on its own.
- هِىَshe; it
Hiya. The corpus marks it third person, feminine, singular.
- أَنَا۠I
Anā. The corpus marks it first person, singular. The Qur’ān's spelling writes an alif at its end; how that alif is sounded is taught in the library's Tajwīd title.
She is in the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Hiya fī l-bayti: "she", then where she is, and no word for "is".
Ayyuhā
Lesson 10 taught yā, "O". Before a noun with al-, Arabic as a rule puts ayyuhā between them, or ayyatuhā if the noun is feminine; it has no meaning of its own to translate.
- يَٰٓO (calling someone)
- أَيُّهَاsaid after "O" before a noun with al-
In the Qur’ān's spelling yā-ayyuhā is written as one word, with yā and ayyuhā. The noun after it is in the nominative.
Which
Ayy is "which". In the two words here it asks, and it is the first part of an iḍāfah: the word after it, or the pronoun joined to it, is the second.
- لِfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- أَىِّwhich
Li-ayyi is li and ayyi, in the genitive after it. The next word, yawmin, is in the genitive too, as the second noun of the iḍāfah.
- بِwith, by, in
- أَييِّwhich
- كُمُyou, your (more than two)
Bi-ayyikumu is bi, then ayyi, in the genitive after it, then kumu, "you", joined to it as the second part: "which of you".
As for
Ammā is "as for": it sets something out on its own, and what is said of it follows with fa.
Celui dont la balance penchera du bon côté,
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3The verse opens with fa, then ammā. The sentence ammā begins finishes in the verse after it, which opens with fa-.
Sawfa
Sawfa, like sa- from lesson 7, puts a present verb in the future. It is a word of its own, not joined to the next.
- سَوْفَwill (of the future)
Sawfa: the corpus calls it a particle of the future. The word after it is the present of ʿalima, taʿlamūna: "you will know".
Alā
Alā opens a sentence and calls attention to it. The corpus marks it as a particle of beginning.
- أَلَآopens a sentence, calling attention
Alā: it stands at the head of what follows.
Lākinna
Lesson 16 taught lākin, "but", with a single n. Lākinna, with the doubled n, works like inna: the noun after it takes the accusative, and a pronoun is joined to it.
- وَand
- لَٰكِنَّbut
- كُمْyou, your (more than two)
Wa-lākinnakum is wa, then lākinna, then kum, "you", joined to it as to inna.
In a sentence
I am here.
This sentence was written for practice. Anā hunā: "I", then "here", and no verb between them, as lesson 13 did with naḥnu.
Reading
Les mots que vous connaissez en entier après cette leçon sont signalés.
Mais voici qu’ils renient le Coran. Ils connaîtront un jour la vérité !
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3Ne sait-il donc pas de quoi le Seigneur l’a créé ?
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3Ne l’avons-Nous pas doté de deux yeux,
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3Recall
- What goes between yā and a noun with al-?
- What is joined to the front of what is said after ammā?
- How does lākinna change the noun after it?
Answers: ayyuhā; fa; it puts it in the accusative.
Next
The next lesson teaches how to say "better than", and eight common nouns.
Analyse des mots: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)