You, we and they, and the dual
The pronouns that stand on their own as the subject of a sentence, and how Arabic speaks of two.
Écrit et vérifié par l’IA
Ces leçons ont été écrites et vérifiées par l’IA, et aucun professeur d’arabe ne les a encore lues. Les versets, leurs sens et l’analyse de chaque mot sont tirés de leurs sources, nommées là où ils sont montrés.
Cette leçon n’est écrite qu’en anglais et en bengali ; elle est donc montrée ici en anglais.
- Mots du Coran connus en entier
- 45,5 %
- Parties des mots du Coran enseignées jusqu’ici
- 67 %
Compté d’après le Quranic Arabic Corpus : un mot est connu en entier quand chacune de ses parties a été enseignée. Les chiffres disent quels mots vous avez rencontrés, non ce que vous comprenez.
Lesson 5 taught huwa, "he", and hum, "they", standing on their own. This lesson teaches the others the Qur’ān uses most: "you", one man and more than two, and "we". It also teaches the dual: Arabic has a number of its own for two.
The new words
- أَنتَTel que le Coran l’écrit: أَنتَ
you (one man)
Occurrences dans le Coran: 81
- أَنتُمْTel que le Coran l’écrit: أَنتُمْ
you (more than two)
Occurrences dans le Coran: 102
- نَحْنُTel que le Coran l’écrit: نَحْنُ
we
Occurrences dans le Coran: 76
- هُمTel que le Coran l’écrit: هُم
they
Occurrences dans le Coran: 148
- هُمَاTel que le Coran l’écrit: هُمَا · هُمَآ · هِمَا
they two, the two of them
Occurrences dans le Coran: 101
- كُمَاTel que le Coran l’écrit: كُمَا · انِ · ا
you two
Occurrences dans le Coran: 98
- اTel que le Coran l’écrit: ا · هُمَا · انِ
they two, the two of them (men, or things called masculine)
Occurrences dans le Coran: 115
A sentence with no verb
A pronoun standing on its own is most often the subject of its sentence. Where what is said of it is a noun or a phrase, the sentence has no verb: "you are …", "we are …". Arabic needs no word for "is" in such a sentence.
- أَنتَyou (one man)
Anta is "you", one man, standing on its own.
- أَنتُمْyou (more than two)
Antum is "you", more than two.
The table counts hum apart from lesson 5's hum: in some places the muṣḥaf writes it without the mark of a silent letter (the sukūn) on its m, and the corpus counts each spelling as a unit of its own. They are the same pronoun, and this hum comes after li, as in lesson 12, more often than it stands on its own: lahum, "for them".
Two
For two people or things, Arabic uses the dual. A pronoun of the dual ends in -ā: humā, "the two of them", kumā, "you two".
- بَيْنَbetween
- هُمَاthey two, the two of them
Baynahumā is bayna, "between", from lesson 8, and humā, "the two of them".
A verb whose doer is two ends in -ā as well in the past, and in -āni in the present; the corpus divides these endings off as pronouns of the dual. A noun in the dual ends in -āni, or -ayni in the genitive and accusative.
In a sentence
We are here.
This sentence was written for practice. Naḥnu hunā: "we", then "here", and no verb between them.
Reading
Les mots que vous connaissez en entier après cette leçon sont signalés.
Ceux à qui Nous avons confié les Ecritures avant sa révélation ont d’ailleurs foi en ce message.
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3et où il leur sera dit : « Voici le châtiment que vous traitiez de mensonge ! »
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3Voici le châtiment que vous mettiez en doute ! »
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3Recall
- Does a sentence like "we are here" need a verb in Arabic?
- What is "you" for more than two?
- How does a pronoun of the dual end?
Answers: no; antum; in -ā, as humā.
Next
The next lesson teaches "those", "after", "at", "with", "some", "other than", "until" and "below", and the noun after them.
Analyse des mots: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)