The command, and seven common verbs
Seven common verbs of the Qur’ān, and the form of a verb that tells someone to do something.
Écrit et vérifié par l’IA
Ces leçons ont été écrites et vérifiées par l’IA, et aucun professeur d’arabe ne les a encore lues. Les versets, leurs sens et l’analyse de chaque mot sont tirés de leurs sources, nommées là où ils sont montrés.
Cette leçon n’est écrite qu’en anglais et en bengali ; elle est donc montrée ici en anglais.
- Mots du Coran connus en entier
- 43,2 %
- Parties des mots du Coran enseignées jusqu’ici
- 65,5 %
Compté d’après le Quranic Arabic Corpus : un mot est connu en entier quand chacune de ses parties a été enseignée. Les chiffres disent quels mots vous avez rencontrés, non ce que vous comprenez.
You have met the past form of a verb and its present form. This lesson teaches the third: the command, the form that tells someone to do something. With it come seven common verbs.
The new words
- فَعَلَTel que le Coran l’écrit: يَفْعَلُ · تَفْعَلُ · فَعَلْ
do (faʿala: he did)
Racine: ف ع لOccurrences dans le Coran: 88
- ذَكَرَTel que le Coran l’écrit: ٱذْكُرُ · ٱذْكُرْ · يَذْكُرُ
Aucun sens n’est donné ici : ce mot porte la religion, et son sens se lit dans les versets, avec leur sens à côté.
Racine: ذ ك رOccurrences dans le Coran: 84
- ٱتَّبَعَTel que le Coran l’écrit: ٱتَّبَعُ · ٱتَّبَعَ · يَتَّبِعُ
follow (ittabaʿa: he followed)
Racine: ت ب عOccurrences dans le Coran: 136
- أَطَاعَTel que le Coran l’écrit: أَطِيعُ · أَطَعْ · تُطِعْ
Aucun sens n’est donné ici : ce mot porte la religion, et son sens se lit dans les versets, avec leur sens à côté.
Racine: ط و عOccurrences dans le Coran: 72
- دَخَلَTel que le Coran l’écrit: ٱدْخُلُ · يَدْخُلُ · دَخَلُ
enter (dakhala: he entered)
Racine: د خ لOccurrences dans le Coran: 76
- سَمِعَTel que le Coran l’écrit: يَسْمَعُ · سَمِعْ · تَسْمَعُ
hear (samiʿa: he heard)
Racine: س م عOccurrences dans le Coran: 78
- نَّظَرَTel que le Coran l’écrit: يَنظُرُ · ٱنظُرْ · ٱنظُرُ
look; wait (naẓara: he looked)
Racine: ن ظ رOccurrences dans le Coran: 87
Two of them, dhakara and aṭāʿa, carry the religion in the Qur’ān's use of them: the course gives no meaning of its own for either, and you read them in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
The command
The command is made from the present form. Take away the letter in front that says who acts, and drop its last vowel. Where what is left would begin with two consonants, an alif is put in front. The corpus marks it as imperative.
- قُلْsay (qāla: he said)
Qul, "say!", is the command of qāla, from lesson 6. The present is yaqūlu; without its ya- and its last vowel it is qūl, and the long vowel is then made short: qul.
A command to a woman
The command also changes for who is told. Said to a woman, it ends in ī, which the corpus divides off as the pronoun "you", feminine.
- فَso, then, and so
- ٱدْخُلِenter (dakhala: he entered)
- ى
Fa-dkhulī is fa, "so", then udkhul, the command of dakhala, "enter", then ī, "you" said to a woman. The present is yadkhulu: without ya-, dkhul would begin with two consonants, so the command is udkhul. After fa that alif is not sounded: fa-dkhulī.
Let him
A command to someone not spoken to is made with li- before the present form, and the verb loses its last vowel. The corpus marks this li- as the lām of command. After fa or wa it loses its vowel and is said l-.
- فَso, then, and so
- لْfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- يَنظُرِlook; wait (naẓara: he looked)
Fa-l-yanẓur is fa, then l-, then yanẓur, "he looks", the present of naẓara, with its last vowel dropped: "so let him look". In the verse it ends in a short i only because al- follows, as in the sentence below.
In a sentence
Enter the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Udkhuli l-bayta, "enter the house": the command, then al-bayt in the accusative. The command's last letter takes a short i before al-.
Reading
Les mots que vous connaissez en entier après cette leçon sont signalés.
connaissant les actes que vous accomplissez.
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3et qu’ils s’attribuent des exploits qu’ils n’ont jamais accomplis[21] ?
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3N’imitez pas ceux qui affirment : « Nous avons bien entendu », alors qu’ils restent sourds aux exhortations qui leur sont adressées.
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3Recall
- How is the command made from the present form?
- What does ī at the end of a command say?
- How does Arabic say "let him look"?
Answers: the letter in front is taken away and the last vowel dropped, with an alif added where the word would otherwise begin with two consonants; that a woman is told; with li- before the present form, fa-l-yanẓur.
Next
The next lesson teaches how Arabic says "he has" and "for you", with the pronouns written after li and bi.
Analyse des mots: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)