The first verbs: said, was, made, came and knew
Five of the commonest verbs of the Qur’ān, and how a verb in its past form tells you who did the action.
Écrit et vérifié par l’IA
Ces leçons ont été écrites et vérifiées par l’IA, et aucun professeur d’arabe ne les a encore lues. Les versets, leurs sens et l’analyse de chaque mot sont tirés de leurs sources, nommées là où ils sont montrés.
Cette leçon n’est écrite qu’en anglais et en bengali ; elle est donc montrée ici en anglais.
- Mots du Coran connus en entier
- 34,1 %
- Parties des mots du Coran enseignées jusqu’ici
- 59,1 %
Compté d’après le Quranic Arabic Corpus : un mot est connu en entier quand chacune de ses parties a été enseignée. Les chiffres disent quels mots vous avez rencontrés, non ce que vous comprenez.
The first five lessons taught the small words that hold a sentence together. This one teaches five verbs, among the commonest words of the Qur’ān: "said", "was", "made", "came" and "knew".
The new words
- قَالَTel que le Coran l’écrit: قَالَ · قَالُ · قُلْ
say (qāla: he said)
Racine: ق و لOccurrences dans le Coran: 1618
- كَانَTel que le Coran l’écrit: كَانَ · كَانُ · كُن
be (kāna: he was)
Racine: ك و نOccurrences dans le Coran: 1358
- جَعَلَTel que le Coran l’écrit: جَعَلْ · جَعَلَ · يَجْعَلُ
make, place, set (jaʿala: he made)
Racine: ج ع لOccurrences dans le Coran: 340
- جَآءَTel que le Coran l’écrit: جَآءَ · جَآءَتْ · جِئْ
come (jāʾa: he came)
Racine: ج ي اOccurrences dans le Coran: 278
- عَلِمَTel que le Coran l’écrit: يَعْلَمُ · تَعْلَمُ · ٱعْلَمُ
know (ʿalima: he knew)
Racine: ع ل مOccurrences dans le Coran: 382
A verb is named by its simplest form: the past, with "he" as the one who did it. So qāla is "he said", and stands in the table for every form of the verb, "says" and "say!" among them. Each lemma's root is three letters, and the next stage of the course is about what a root does.
The past form
A verb in the past form tells you who did the action by its ending. With no ending, the doer is "he".
- قَالُsay (qāla: he said)
- وا۟they (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Qālū is qāla with ū, the pronoun "they" from the second lesson, as the doer: "they said". The corpus marks the verb as perfect, its name for the past form.
- وَand
- جَعَلْmake, place, set (jaʿala: he made)
- نَاwe (as the doer of a verb); us, our
Wa-jaʿalnā is wa, "and", then jaʿal, "made", then nā, "we": "and we made". The pronoun that is the doer of a past verb is written as part of it.
She
- فَso, then, and so
- كَانَتْbe (kāna: he was)
Fa-kānat is fa, "so", and kānat, "she was" or "it was". The -at ending says that the doer is feminine: "she", for a woman or for a thing the language calls feminine. The corpus does not divide it off as a pronoun, as it does ū and nā: it keeps it as part of the verb, and marks the verb third person, feminine, singular.
A verb with an object
- جَآءَcome (jāʾa: he came)
- هُhim, his; it, its
Jāʾahu is jāʾa, "came", and hu, "him": "came to him". Here the pronoun is not the doer but the one the action reaches.
In a sentence
The boy came.
This sentence was written for practice. Jāʾa l-waladu, "the boy came": in Arabic the verb usually comes first, and the doer after it.
The house was big.
Kāna, "was", has its own way: the word after its subject takes the accusative ending, kabīran.
Reading
Les mots que vous connaissez en entier après cette leçon sont signalés.
Les mécréants[30] ne cessaient d’affirmer :
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3Ceux-là osent pourtant affirmer :
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3Demande-leur : « A qui appartiennent la terre et tous ceux qui la peuplent, si vous le savez ? »
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3Recall
- What is the doer of qālū?
- How is "we made" written?
- What does the ending -at on kānat say?
Answers: "they", the pronoun ū; jaʿalnā; that the doer is feminine: "she", or a thing the language calls feminine.
Next
The next lesson teaches the present form of the verb, and the letter that makes it future.
Analyse des mots: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)