عن عَبْد الرَّحْمَنِ بْن سَمُرَةَ رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال له: «يا عبد الرحمن بن سَمُرَة، لا تَسْأَلِ الإِمَارَةَ؛ فإنك إن أُعْطِيتَها عن مَسْأَلَةٍ وُكِلْتَ إليها، وإن أُعْطِيتَهَا عن غير مَسْأَلَةٍ أُعِنْتَ عليها، وإذا حَلَفْتَ على يمينٍ فرأيتَ غيرها خيرًا منها، فَكَفِّرْ عن يمينك، وَأْتِ الذي هو خير».
‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "O ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn Samurah, do not ask for a position of authority, for if you were granted such authority upon your request, you would be left (to manage it) unaided. However, if you were granted such authority without requesting it, you would be provided with aid (to manage it). If you ever make an oath but then found a better alternative, expiate your oath and go for the better alternative."
Narrated by Bukhari & MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade Muslims from seeking authority because whoever is granted authority based on his request will be let down and left to his desire for this world, which he prefers to the Hereafter. On the other hand, whoever is granted authority without seeking or asking for it, Allah shall grant him support to fulfill his duties. Moreover, making an oath should not prevent goodness. So, if the one who made an oath realized that goodness lies in something different from his oath, he should discard that oath through expiation and go for the better alternative.
Reference
1- صحيح البخاري، محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري الجعفي، تحقيق: محمد زهير الناصر، دار طوق النجاة (مصورة عن السلطانية بإضافة ترقيم: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي)، الطبعة: الأولى 1422هـ.
2- صحيح مسلم، مسلم بن الحجاج القشيري النيسابوري، تحقيق محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار إحياء التراث العربي، بيروت، الطبعة: 1423هـ.
3- الإلمام بشرح عمدة الأحكام، إسماعيل بن محمد الأنصاري، دار الفكر، دمشق، الطبعة: الأولى 1381 هـ.
4- تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام، عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن البسام، تحقيق: محمد صبحي حلاق، مكتبة الصحابة، الأمارات، مكتبة التابعين، القاهرة، الطبعة: العاشرة 1426 هـ.
5- تأسيس الأحكام، أحمد بن يحيى النجمي، دار المنهاج، القاهرة، الطبعة: الأولى 1427هـ.
عن عُبَادَةَ بن الصَّامتِ رضي الله عنه قال: بَايَعْنَا رسولَ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم على السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ فِي الْعُسْرِ وَالْيُسْرِ، وَالْمَنْشَطِ وَالْمَكْرَهِ، وعلى أَثَرَةٍ علينا، وعلى أَلَّا نُنَازِعَ الْأَمْرَ أهلَه، وعلى أَنْ نَقُولَ بِالْحَقِّ أينما كُنَّا، لا نَخَافُ في الله لَوْمَةَ لَائِمٍ.
‘Ubādah ibn as-Sāmit (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) to listen and obey at times of hardship and ease, energy and reluctance, and to endure if prejudice is held against us, and not to fight those in authority for power, and to say the truth wherever we are, without fearing anyone's reproach for the sake of Allah.
Agreed uponGradeAuthentic
Explanation
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) took the pledge of allegiance from the Companions over obedience to the rulers in what is easy and what is hard and in the state of richness and poverty, and whether they like or dislike their commands; even if the rulers prefer themselves over the subjects concerning the public funds, positions, and the like, they should listen and obey them in what is good and not revolt against them. This is because the strife and corruption that would result from fighting them are worse than the corruption caused by their oppression. Among the things they pledged allegiance to is to speak the truth wherever they may be, being sincere to Allah and not fearing those who reproach them.
Benefits
- The benefit resulting from listening and obeying the rulers is the unity of Muslims and renouncing dissension among them.
- It is obligatory to listen and obey the rulers unless disobedience to Allah is involved, in what is easy and what is hard, and at times of energy and reluctance, and if they favor themselves regarding certain things.
- It is obligatory to speak the truth wherever we may be without fearing the blame of anyone for the sake of Allah.
Reference
صحيح البخاري (9/ 47) (7055-7056)، (9/ 77) (7199، 7200).
صحيح مسلم (3/ 1470) (1709).
بهجة الناظرين شرح رياض الصالحين، لسليم الهلالي (1/ 277).
رياض الصالحين، للنووي (ص83) (186).
شرح رياض الصالحين، لابن عثيمين (2/ 419).
نزهة المتقين شرح رياض الصالحين، لمجموعة من الباحثين (1/ 202).
عن مَعقِلِ بن يَسار المُزَنِيّ رضي الله عنه قال: إني سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: «مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ يَسْتَرْعِيهِ اللهُ رَعِيَّةً، يَمُوتُ يَوْمَ يَمُوتُ وَهُوَ غَاشٌّ لِرَعِيَّتِهِ، إِلَّا حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ».
Ma‘qil ibn Yasār (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: "There is no one whom Allah puts in a position of authority, and he dies on the day he dies while cheating those under his authority except that Allah will forbid Paradise for him."
Agreed uponGradeAuthentic
Explanation
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) informs that if Allah Almighty puts someone in authority over people, be it public authority, like the ruler, or a private one, like a man in his house and a woman in her house, and he neglects the right of those under his authority, cheats them, and acts insincerely towards them, ruining their worldly and religious rights, then he deserves this severe punishment.
Benefits
- This warning applies to the ruler and his deputies and to anyone whom Allah puts in charge of responsibility.
- Anyone who assumes some authority over Muslims should be sincere to them, make his best effort to discharge the responsibility assigned to him and beware of treachery.
- The Hadīth reveals the seriousness of the responsibility of anyone who assumes authority, public or private, and great or small.
Reference
صحيح البخاري (9/ 64) (7150).
صحيح مسلم (1/ 125) (142).
بهجة الناظرين شرح رياض الصالحين، لسليم الهلالي (1/ 706).
فيض القدير شرح الجامع الصغير، للمناوي (5/ 488).
نزهة المتقين شرح رياض الصالحين، لمجموعة من الباحثين (1/ 543).
عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما مرفوعاً: «خير الصحابة أربعة، وخير السَّرَايَا أَرْبَعُمِائة، وخير الجيوش أربعة آلاف، ولن يُغْلَبَ اثنا عشر ألفا مِنْ قِلَّةٍ»
Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The best number of companions is four; the best detachment is (that made up of) four hundred; and the best army is (that made up of) four thousand; and twelve thousand men will never be defeated because of their small numbers."
Narrated by At-Termedhy - Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by AhmadGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
Explanation: The best companionship is that made up of four persons; and the best detachment consists of four hundred soldiers; and the most helpful soldiers are those that have reached four thousand. If an army reaches twelve thousand soldiers, it will not be defeated. If it is defeated, then it will not be due to its small number; rather it might be defeated for some other reasons, such as lack of religious commitment, feeling proud of their large number, committing sins, absence of sincerity to Allah, etc.
Reference
- رياض الصالحين من كلام سيد المرسلين، للإمام أبي زكريا النووي، تحقيق د. ماهر الفحل، دار ابن كثير- دمشق، الطبعة الأولى، 1428ه.
- بهجة الناظرين شرح رياض الصالحين، تأليف سليم الهلالي، دار ابن الجوزي - الطبعة الأولى، 1418ه.
- نزهة المتقين شرح رياض الصالحين، تأليف د. مصطفى الخِن وغيره، مؤسسة الرسالة - بيروت، الطبعة الرابعة عشر، 1407هـ.
- سنن أبي داود، لأبي داود السجستاني، تحقيق محمد محيي الدين عبد الحميد، المكتبة العصرية.
عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «إنكم سَتَحْرِصُونَ على الإِمَارَة، وستكون نَدَامَةً يوم القيامة، فَنِعْمَ المُرْضِعَةُ وَبِئْسَتِ الفَاطِمَةُ».
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You will eagerly seek out a position of authority, but it will be a source of regret on the Day of Judgment. How excellent is the wet nurse, and how evil is the weaning one."
Narrated by BukhariGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
This Hadīth highlights the significance of the positions of authority, including the judiciary, and their numerous responsibilities and consequences in the Hereafter. We are warned against pursuing leadership and being eager for it, and this applies to those who seek to assume a position of authority, even though they are not qualified enough. By contrast, if a position of authority is assigned to a qualified person without him seeking it and he undertakes it in a proper and just manner, he will be helped in doing his job, as indicated in other Hadīths. Leadership is likened to a wet nurse, given the financial benefits, good standing, and influence it brings about. It is also likened to a weaning one because of its resultant liabilities and sorrows on the Day of Judgment.
Reference
- صحيح البخاري، تأليف: محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري، تحقيق: محمد زهير الناصر، الناشر: دار طوق النجاة الطبعة: الأولى، 1422هـ
- توضيح الأحكام مِن بلوغ المرام، تأليف: عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن صالح البسام، الناشر: مكتبة الأسدي، مكة المكرّمة الطبعة: الخامِسَة، 1423 هـ - 2003 م
- تسهيل الإلمام بفقه الأحاديث من بلوغ المرام، تأليف: صالح بن فوزان بن عبد الله الفوزان، الطبعة: الأولى، 1427 ه _ 2006 م
- فتح ذي الجلال والإكرام شرح بلوغ المرام لمحمد بن صالح بن محمد العثيمين، تحقيق: صبحي بن محمد رمضان، وأُم إسراء بنت عرفة، ط1، المكتبة الإسلامية، مصر، 1427ه
- منحة العلام في شرح بلوغ المرام، تأليف: عبد الله بن صالح الفوزان، الناشر: دار ابن الجوزي الطبعة : الأولى ، 1427 هـ- 1431 هـ
- شرح سنن النسائي المسمى «ذخيرة العقبى في شرح المجتبى»، المؤلف: محمد بن علي بن آدم الإثيوبي الوَلَّوِي، الناشر: دار المعراج الدولية للنشر - دار آل بروم للنشر والتوزيع, الطبعة الأولى, 1416- 1424.
Every ḥadīth, grade, explanation and benefit here is shown exactly as HadeethEnc.com publishes it, under its terms for republication. The grade names no grader. The translations and explanations are its authors’ own, and some state rulings; Sabīl’s reviewers have not examined them. The Arabic ḥadīth is the text. Source: HadeethEnc.com