Names: one ending for two cases
Eight of the commonest names of the Qur’ān, the ending that sets many of them apart from most other nouns, and which names show it.
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- Erayada Qur’aanka ee si buuxda loo yaqaan
- 62.8%
- Qaybaha erayada Qur’aanka ee la baray ilaa hadda
- 77.5%
Waxaa laga tiriyey Quranic Arabic Corpus: eray si buuxda ayaa loo yaqaan marka qayb kasta oo ka mid ah la baray. Tirooyinku waxay sheegayaan erayada aad la kulantay, ma aha inta aad fahantay.
Most names are definite simply by being names: they take no al-, and the corpus marks them as proper nouns. Many of the Qur’ān's names also do something most other nouns do not. This lesson teaches that, with eight of the names the Qur’ān uses most. The course gives a person's name as it is said, and says nothing of who the person was: that is read in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
The new words
- مُوسَىٰSida Qur’aanku u qoro: مُوسَىٰ · مُوسَىٰٓ · مُوسَى
Mūsā, a name
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 136
- فِرْعَوْنSida Qur’aanku u qoro: فِرْعَوْنَ · فِرْعَوْنُ
Firʿawn, a name
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 74
- إِبْرَاهِيمSida Qur’aanku u qoro: إِبْرَٰهِيمَ · إِبْرَٰهِۦمَ · إِبْرَٰهِيمُ
Ibrāhīm, a name
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 69
- إِسْرَائِيلSida Qur’aanku u qoro: إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ · إِسْرَٰٓءِيلُ
Isrāʾīl, a name
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 43
- نُوحSida Qur’aanku u qoro: نُوحٍ · نُوحًا · نُوحٌ
Nūḥ, a name
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 43
- مَرْيَمSida Qur’aanku u qoro: مَرْيَمَ · مَرْيَمُ
Maryam, a name
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 34
- قُرْءَانSida Qur’aanku u qoro: قُرْءَانَ · قُرْءَانِ · قُرْءَانُ
Halkan macne lagama bixiyo: eraygani wuxuu sidaa diinta, macnihiisana waxaa lagu akhriyaa aayadaha, iyadoo macnuhu ag yaallo.
Xididka: ق ر اInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 70
- جَهَنَّمSida Qur’aanku u qoro: جَهَنَّمَ · جَهَنَّمُ
Halkan macne lagama bixiyo: eraygani wuxuu sidaa diinta, macnihiisana waxaa lagu akhriyaa aayadaha, iyadoo macnuhu ag yaallo.
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 77
Two of them, al-qurʾān and jahannam, carry the religion: the course gives no meaning of its own for either, and you read them in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
No tanwīn, and -a for the genitive
Most of these names take no tanwīn, and have one ending, -a, for both the accusative and the genitive. In the nominative they end in -u as other nouns do. Grammar calls such a noun mamnūʿ min aṣ-ṣarf, "kept from a part of its endings".
- فِرْعَوْنُFirʿawn, a name
Firʿawnu: the corpus marks it nominative, and it ends in u.
- فِرْعَوْنَFirʿawn, a name
Firʿawna: the corpus marks it genitive, after ilā, and it ends in a.
- وَand
- إِبْرَٰهِيمَIbrāhīm, a name
Wa-ibrāhīma is wa and ibrāhīma: the corpus marks this one accusative.
- وَand
- إِبْرَٰهِيمَIbrāhīm, a name
Wa-ibrāhīma again, and the same a: the corpus marks this one genitive. The word is written alike, and the sentence tells you its case.
- إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَIsrāʾīl, a name
Isrāʾīla, genitive, with a.
- مَرْيَمَMaryam, a name
Maryama, genitive, with a.
- وَand
- مَرْيَمَMaryam, a name
Wa-maryama, accusative, with a.
- جَهَنَّمَ
Jahannama, genitive, with a.
Mūsā
A name ending in a long -ā shows no case at all.
- مُوسَىٰMūsā, a name
Mūsā: the corpus marks it nominative.
- وَand
- مُوسَىٰMūsā, a name
Wa-mūsā: the corpus marks it genitive, and it is written the same.
19. Kutubtii Ibraahiim iyo Muuse.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26In this verse the two stand side by side, joined by wa. Ibrāhīma shows the genitive with a, and mūsā shows nothing.
Nūḥ: a short name
A short name of three letters with a long vowel in the middle may take its endings as other nouns do, with tanwīn. Nūḥ is one.
- نُوحٌNūḥ, a name
Nūḥun: nominative.
- نُوحًاNūḥ, a name
Nūḥan: accusative.
- نُوحٍNūḥ, a name
Nūḥin: genitive.
Lesson 24 taught tanwīn as the ending of a noun that is not definite. This one does not make the name indefinite: the corpus marks none of these three as indefinite.
With al-
Qurʾān takes al- in most of its places, and then it has the three endings of any noun with al-, -u, -a and -i.
- ٱلْthe
- قُرْءَانُ
Al-qurʾānu: the corpus marks it as a proper noun, nominative.
- قُرْءَانٌ
Qurʾānun, with no al- and with tanwīn: the corpus marks it as a proper noun, and here it does mark it indefinite.
Reading
Erayada aad si buuxda u taqaan casharkan kadib waa la calaamadeeyey.
19. (Alle) wuxuu yidhi: “Bal hoos u tuur Muusow!”
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2617. Waa maxay taasi ku jirta midigtaada Muusow?”
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2649. (Fircoon) wuxuu yidhi: “Waa Kuma Rabbigiin, Muusow?”
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26Recall
- Which ending do most of these names have in the genitive?
- Why does Mūsā show no case?
- Which two names of this lesson take tanwīn?
Answers: -a; it ends in a long -ā; Nūḥ and Qurʾān.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight more small words: "she", "I", "which" and others.
Falanqaynta erayada: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)