Those, after, at, with, some, other than, until and below
Eight common words of the Qur’ān, most of them nouns that take the noun after them in the genitive.
Waxaa qoray oo hubiyay AI
Casharradan waxaa qoray oo hubiyay AI, weli macallin Carabi ahina ma akhrin. Aayadaha, macnayaashooda iyo falanqaynta eray kasta waxaa laga soo qaatay ilahooda, kuwaas oo lagu magacaabay meesha lagu muujiyo.
Casharkan waxaa lagu qoray Ingiriisi iyo Bengaali oo keliya, sidaas darteed halkan waxaa lagu muujiyey Ingiriisi.
- Erayada Qur’aanka ee si buuxda loo yaqaan
- 47.2%
- Qaybaha erayada Qur’aanka ee la baray ilaa hadda
- 68%
Waxaa laga tiriyey Quranic Arabic Corpus: eray si buuxda ayaa loo yaqaan marka qayb kasta oo ka mid ah la baray. Tirooyinku waxay sheegayaan erayada aad la kulantay, ma aha inta aad fahantay.
Many of the words Arabic uses for "after", "at" and "with" are not prepositions but nouns, joined to the noun after them as the first noun of an iḍāfah, which lesson 8 taught. The second noun is then in the genitive.
The new words
- أُولَٰٓئِكSida Qur’aanku u qoro: أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ
those
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 204
- بَعْدSida Qur’aanku u qoro: بَعْدِ · بَعْدَ · بَعْدُ
after
Xididka: ب ع دInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 199
- عِندSida Qur’aanku u qoro: عِندَ · عِندِ
at, with, in the presence of
Xididka: ع ن دInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 197
- مَعSida Qur’aanku u qoro: مَعَ · مَّعَ · مَعِ
with, together with
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 159
- بَعْضSida Qur’aanku u qoro: بَعْضٍ · بَعْضُ · بَعْضَ
some, part of
Xididka: ب ع ضInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 157
- غَيْرSida Qur’aanku u qoro: غَيْرِ · غَيْرَ · غَيْرُ
other than; not
Xididka: غ ي رInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 147
- حَتَّىٰSida Qur’aanku u qoro: حَتَّىٰ · حَتَّىٰٓ
until; even
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 142
- دُونSida Qur’aanku u qoro: دُونِ · دُونَ
below, other than, besides
Xididka: د و نInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 144
Nouns of place and time
- عِندَat, with, in the presence of
- هُۥhim, his; it, its
ʿIndahu is ʿinda, "at" or "with", and hu, "him". The corpus marks ʿinda as an adverb of place, in the accusative.
- بَعْدَafter
Baʿda is "after". The corpus marks it as an adverb of time. The word after it is in the genitive; here that word is dhālika, which keeps the same ending in every case.
- غَيْرِother than; not
Ghayri is "other than": here in the genitive, in al-Fātiḥah, and joined to the noun after it.
Those
- أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَthose
Ulāʾika is "those": the plural of dhālika, "that", from lesson 5. The corpus marks it as a word that points, plural.
Until
- حَتَّىٰuntil; even
Ḥattā is "until". The corpus marks it here as a preposition, and the noun after it is in the genitive.
In a sentence
I sat with my father after the lesson.
This sentence was written for practice. Maʿa abī, "with my father", and baʿda d-darsi, "after the lesson": each noun after maʿa and baʿda is in the genitive. In abī the ending does not show: -ī, "my", takes its place.
Reading
Erayada aad si buuxda u taqaan casharkan kadib waa la calaamadeeyey.
46. (Alle) Wuxuu yidhi: Ha cabsannina, Anigaa idin la jira, waan maqli oo arkaa.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2624. Inuusan qof miskiin ah u soo gelin maanta (beerta, waxnana siin).
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.266. Isagaa leh waxa ku sugan samooyinka iyo waxa ku sugan arlada iyo waxa u dhexeeya iyo waxa ka hooseeyaba rayska.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26Recall
- What case is the noun after baʿda in?
- What is ulāʾika?
- What does the corpus call ʿinda?
Answers: the genitive; "those", the plural of dhālika; an adverb of place.
Next
The next lesson teaches the words for "if" and "when": law, lawlā, idh, lammā and yawmaʾidhin, and lan, "will not".
Falanqaynta erayada: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)